我国草畜平衡管理模式演变与监测技术进展  

Evolution of Forage-Livestock Balance Management Model and Progress of Monitoring Technology in China

作　　者：刘爱军 杨勇 柏延臣[2] 李西良[3] 刘晓龙 运向军[3] 常书娟 苏日图 徐勃 刘羽 LIU Aijun;YANG Yong;BO Yanchen;LI Xiliang;LIU Xiaolong;YUN Xiangjun;CHANG Shujuan;SU Ritu;XU Bo;LIU Yu(Forestry and Grassland Monitoring and Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Grassland and Emergency Response Technic,Hohhot 010051,China;Faculty of Geography,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区林业和草原监测规划院/内蒙古自治区草原遥感及应急技术储备重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]北京师范大学地理学部,北京100875 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2023年第12期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2023ZD04);中央草地生态修复资金资助。

摘　　要：退化作为近几十年我国天然草地面临的突出问题,给国家生态安全和优质畜产品供给造成巨大隐患。自20世纪以来,人草畜矛盾日益尖锐,草地逐渐趋于超载过牧,草畜失衡又加剧草地退化。因此,草畜平衡问题逐步被广泛关注,成为我国草地管理的核心目标之一。综述草畜平衡的概念和内涵,梳理草畜关系的演变过程,回顾我国草畜平衡管理政策和模式,进一步从地面监测、遥感监测、星空地一体化监测预警等方面分析草畜平衡监测技术及其发展趋势,并归纳了我国草畜平衡管理的现实困境。同时,针对草地的年内和年际波动性、生产力空间异质性特征以及草畜平衡管理中时空错位等问题,提出未来研究需关注的重点,指出下一步应从草地时空动态监测着手,以“草”为核心,建立草畜双向监测体系,进而推动草畜平衡动态预警及精准施策。As a prominent problem of natural grassland in recent decades,grassland degradation has caused huge potential risks to national ecological security and high-quality livestock supply.Since the 20th century,the contradiction between humans,grassland,and livestock has become increasingly acute,and grassland has gradually tended to overload and overgrazing,which in turn aggravated grassland degradation.Therefore,the problem of forage-livestock balance has gradually been widely concerned and become one of the core objectives of grassland management in China.Here,we summarized the concept and connotation of forage-livestock balance,combed the evolution process of grassland and livestock relationship,and reviewed the forage-livestock balance management policies and models in China.We also analyzed the technology and development trend of forage-livestock balance monitoring from ground monitoring,remote sensing monitoring and integrated monitoring and early warning,and summarized the realistic predicament of forage-livestock balance management in China.In addition,we pointed out the key issues for future research,such as the annual and interannual fluctuation of grassland,the spatial heterogeneity of productivity,and the spatiotemporal dislocation management of forage-livestock balance.Finally,we suggested that the next step should be to start with the spatiotemporal dynamic monitoring of grassland,and establish a two-way monitoring system for grassland and livestock,with“grass”as the core,so as to promote the dynamic warning and precise policy-making of grass-livestock imbalance.

关 键 词：草畜平衡 放牧 超载过牧 草地监测 草地退化 

分 类 号：S812.5[农业科学—草业科学]