新金融监管框架下农村中小银行风险治理的系统性重塑  

Systemic Reshaping of Risk Governance of Rural Small and Medium-sized Banks Under the New Financial Regulatory Framework

作　　者：王曙光[1] 梁爽[1] WANG Shu-guang;LIANG Shuang

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院

出　　处：《农村金融研究》2023年第10期39-48,共10页Rural Finance Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院马克思主义理论学科建设与理论研究工程重大项目“新中国工业化进程与举国体制研究”(编号:2021MGCZD008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：农村中小银行是人民主权金融的核心组成部分,肩负普惠性、盈利性和安全性三大目标,在支农支小、健全农村金融服务体系、助力农业农村现代化建设等方面发挥着重要作用。但由于历史原因以及内生脆弱性,农村中小银行的存量风险体量较大,且疫情冲击、政策变化等带来的增量风险也逐步显现,其风险治理成为防范与化解我国系统性金融风险的重点和难点。以国家金融监督管理总局成立为标志的新金融监管框架重塑了“央地”关系,强化了金融监管的高效集权属性、上下一贯属性和逐步授权属性,分别从监管覆盖、监管协调和监管深度三个维度提升了外部监管效能,进而牵住了农村中小银行风险治理问题的牛鼻子,从“穿透式监管”实现、风险治理重点转移、风险特征改变、潜藏风险隐患浮现四个方面带来新的变化,为推进农村中小银行改革化险、构建防范化解系统性金融风险的长效机制指引了新方向。Rural small and medium-sized banks,core components of the people's sovereign finance,shoulder the three objectives of universality,profitability,and safety.They play a crucial role in supporting agriculture and small businesses,solidifying the rural financial service system,and aiding the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.However,due to historical reasons and endogenous vulnerability,these banks face significant stock risks,compounded by incremental risks from epidemic shocks and policy changes.These challenges have made risk management a pivotal and arduous task in preventing and resolving systemic financial risks in China.The new financial regulatory framework,characterized by the establishment of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau,has reshaped the relationship between the"central government"and the"local government."It has strengthened the traits of efficient centralization,consistency,and gradual authorization of financial supervision,enhancing the effectiveness of external supervision in three dimensions:supervisory coverage,coordination,and depth.This approach effectively grasps the crux of risk governance issues in rural small and medium-sized banks,introducing new changes in four aspects:the implementation of"penetrating supervision,"a shift in the focus of risk governance,alteration in risk characteristics,and the uncovering of hidden risks.These changes guide a new direction for promoting the reform of small and mediumsized rural banks and establishing a long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving systemic financial risks.

关 键 词：农村中小银行 风险治理 金融监管 央地关系 

分 类 号：F832.3[经济管理—金融学] F832.9F327