磷肥滴施对膜下滴灌棉田土壤磷形态及磷肥利用率的影响  

Effects of drip application of phosphorus fertilizer on soil phosphorus morphology and use efficiency in cotton field with drip-irrigation under plastic-film mulch

作　　者：马悦 张应榕 王娟红 张曼 车庆轩 陈波浪[1,3] Ma Yue;Zhang Yingrong;Wang Juanhong;Zhang Man;Che Qingxuan;Chen Bolang(College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xingyi Lutun Town Agriculture Service Center,Xingyi,Guizhou 562409,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]兴义市鲁屯镇农业服务中心,贵州兴义562409 [3]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第5期378-397,共20页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02033);新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年项目“供磷强度和根系空间协同调控根际过程提高棉花磷效率的机制”;新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0085);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007);国家自然科学基金(32360793,31960629)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于水肥一体化技术,研究不同施磷方式的效果,为膜下滴灌棉田合理施用磷肥提供依据。【方法】2021年在新疆棉田以新陆早63号为试验对象,设置不施磷(CK)、基施磷酸一铵(MAP-B,折合P2O5用量100 kg·hm^(-2),下同)、基施+滴施磷酸一铵(基施50%,蕾期和花铃前期分别滴施25%,MAP-D)、基施+滴施磷酸一铵和聚谷氨酸(基施50%磷酸一铵,蕾期和花铃前期分别滴施25%磷酸一铵和50%聚谷氨酸,MAP-DS)共4个处理,比较分析棉田土壤磷含量、不同形态无机磷含量、土壤磷吸附-解吸特征、磷肥利用率和籽棉产量。【结果】施磷能够增加苗期和花铃期0~40 cm土层有效磷和全磷含量,花铃期MAP-D和MAP-DS处理的土壤有效磷含量明显高于其余处理。与基施相比,磷肥滴施显著提高了花铃期10~20 cm土层二钙磷、八钙磷和铝结合态磷的含量占比,降低了十钙磷的含量占比。苗期和花铃期不同施磷处理下0~40 cm土层磷的等温吸附曲线和解吸曲线呈现相似的变化趋势,即随着平衡溶液磷浓度的增加,土壤磷吸附量呈先快速增加后缓慢上升的趋势;随着标准溶液磷浓度的增加,土壤磷解吸率呈先快速降低后趋于稳定的趋势。各施磷处理的籽棉产量均高于对照处理,磷肥滴施处理的磷肥利用率和籽棉产量均高于基施处理,MAP-DS处理的磷肥利用率最大,籽棉产量也最高(6829.75 kg·hm^(-2))。【结论】在新疆棉区水肥一体化模式下,滴施磷肥和聚谷氨酸更有利于新陆早63号对土壤磷素的吸收与利用,可进一步提高磷肥利用率与籽棉产量。[Objective]Based on the integrated technology of water and fertilizer,the effects of different phosphorus(P)application methods were studied,so as to provide a basis for the rational application of P fertilizer in cotton field with drip-irrigation under plastic-film.[Method]The experiment was carried out in Xinjiang cotton field in 2021.Xinluzao 63 was used as the object,and four treatments were set up,CK:no P application;MAP-B:basal application of monoammonium phosphate(MAP),total amount of P2O5 was 100 kg·hm^(-2)(same as below);MAP-D:basal application of 50%MAP+drip application of 25%MAP at bud stage and 25%at early flowering and boll development stage;MAP-DS:MAP-D+drip application of polyglutamic acid of 50%at bud stage and 50%at early flowering and boll development stage.Soil P content,inorganic P content in different forms,soil P adsorption-desorption characteristics,P use efficiency,and seed cotton yield of different treatments were compared and analyzed.[Result]P application could increase the available P content and total P content in 0-40 cm soil layer at the seedling stage and flowering and boll development stage,and the content of available soil P under MAP-D and MAP-DS treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments at flowering and boll development stage.Compared with basal application of P(MAP-B),drip application significantly increased the content proportion of dicalcium phosphate(Ca2-P),octa-calcium phosphate(Ca8-P)and aluminum bounded phosphate(Al-P),and reduced the proportion of apatite(Ca10-P)at the flowering and boll development stage.The isothermal adsorption and desorption curves of P in 0-40 cm soil layers under different treatments at the seedling stage and flowering and boll development stage showed similar trend,that is,with the increase of P concentration in equilibrium solution,the soil P adsorption increased rapidly at first and then slowly,and with the increase of P concentration in standard solution,the P desorption rate decreased rapidly at first and then tended t

关 键 词：棉田 水肥一体化 无机磷形态 吸附 解吸 磷肥利用率 聚谷氨酸 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S275.6