新型氮肥增效剂N-life对棉花生理特性、氮肥利用率、产量和纤维品质的影响  

Effects of N-life on the physiological characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,lint yield,and fiber quality of cotton

作　　者：马心雨 祝越熠 石钇琦 祝水金[1,2] 赵天伦 Ma Xinyu;Zhu Yueyi;Shi Yiqi;Zhu Shuijin;Zhao Tianlun(Hainan Institute,Zhejiang University,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China;College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海南研究院,海南三亚572025 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第5期398-411,共14页Cotton Science

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(SQ2021XDNY0696)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究氮肥增效剂N-life(主要有效成分为氯啶)对棉花的作用效果,为N-life应用于棉花生产提供理论支撑。【方法】以浙大12号为试验材料,2021―2022年在海南省三亚市开展大田试验和盆栽试验。大田采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区为N-life施用量(每667 m^(2)分别施用1.5 kg和0 kg),副区为纯氮用量(每667 m^(2)分别施用19.0 kg、17.1 kg、15.2 kg和13.3 kg,19.0 kg为正常氮用量,其他为减氮处理)。分析不同处理对棉花苗期、花铃期和吐絮期的生理生化指标、农艺性状、产量和纤维品质等的影响。利用盆栽试验探究N-life对棉花氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】与不施用N-life的对照相比,施用N-life可以显著提升减氮处理下花铃期和吐絮期棉花叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶活性,显著降低丙二醛含量,提高净光合速率。2年盆栽试验中,同一施氮水平下,施用N-life显著提高植株含氮量和氮肥利用率,显著减少氮损失。同一施氮水平下,施用N-life可有效增加棉花单株铃数,提高籽棉产量和皮棉产量,2021年和2022年籽棉分别增产12.80%~30.63%和0.08%~5.96%,皮棉分别增产11.33%~34.25%和0.31%~6.57%。施用N-life可提高棉花的纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度,改善马克隆值,对断裂伸长率无显著影响。【结论】每667 m2施用1.5 kg N-life可以促进棉花生长发育,提高叶片光合效率,提升棉株对氮肥的利用率,且在减氮20%的条件下(每667 m^(2)用量为15.2 kg)依然能保持高产。[Objective]The effects of nitrogen fertilizer synergist N-life(main active ingredient:nitrapyrin)on cotton were studied,so as to provide theoretical support for the application of N-life in cotton production.[Method]The field experiment and pot experiment were carried out at Sanya,Hainan province in 2021 and 2022 with Zheda 12 as the experimental material.A field experiment was designed with two factors split-plot.The main plot was N-life application level(1.5 and 0 kg per 667 m^(2)),and the secondary plot was pure nitrogen application level(normal nitrogen rate:19.0 kg per 667 m^(2),and reduced nitrogen rate:17.1,15.2,and 13.3 kg per 667 m^(2)).The effects of different treatments on physiological and biochemical indexes at the seedling stage,flowering and boll stage,and boll opening stage,agronomic traits,yield and fiber quality of cotton were analyzed.And the effect of N-life on nitrogen use efficiency of cotton was studied by pot experiment.[Result]Compared with the control of no N-life,the application of N-life could significantly improve the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase,and nitrate reductase of cotton leaves,and reduce the malondialdehyde content significantly at the flowering and boll stages and boll opening stages,and increase the net photosynthetic rate in nitrogen reduction treatments.In the two-year pot experiments,N-life application significantly increased the nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton plants,and significantly reduced the nitrogen loss under the same nitrogen application level,also had an increasing effect on the total boll number of cotton plant,seed cotton yield and lint yield.In 2021 and 2022,the seed cotton yield increased by 12.80%-30.63%and 0.08%-5.96%,respectively,and the lint yield increased by 11.33%-34.25%and 0.31%-6.57%,respectively.In addition,the fiber upper half mean length and breaking strength were increased,and micronaire were improved,but N-life had no significant effect on the breaking elongation.[Conclusion]The application of N-

关 键 词：棉花 氮肥 氯啶 N-life 硝化抑制剂 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]