杂交水稻组合稻米品质对结实期温度的敏感性研究  

Sensitivity of Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice Combinations to Temperature in Grain Filling Stage

作　　者：周飞捷 李小华 黎兵 刘杨 彭冠 廖智 刘爱民[2] ZHOU Feijie;LI Xiaohua;LI Bing;LIU Yang;PENG Guan;LIAO Zhi;LIU Aimin(Hunan Xinglong Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南兴隆种业有限公司,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2023年第5期14-19,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：长沙市科技计划项目(kh2201209)

摘　　要：为研究结实期(始穗期至成熟期)温度对杂交水稻稻米品质的影响,以13个杂交中籼组合为材料,设置7个播期,实地记录结实期的田间温度,对10项稻米品质指标进行检测,分析各杂交水稻组合不同播期的稻米品质指标变化情况。结果表明,结实期温度对杂交水稻稻米品质影响大,10项稻米品质指标影响程度由大到小依次为垩白度、垩白粒率、透明度、整精米率、直链淀粉含量、碱消值、胶稠度、长宽比、粒长、糙米率。相关分析表明,几乎所有组合的整精米率和直链淀粉含量与结实期温度呈显著或极显著负相关,大多数组合的碱消值与结实期温度呈显著或极显著负相关,大多数组合的垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度与结实期温度呈显著或极显著正相关,而糙米率、胶稠度、粒长、长宽比与结实期温度无明显的相关性。不同杂交水稻组合米质对结实期温度存在敏感性差异,敏感性弱的杂交水稻组合稻米品质受结实期温度影响小,稻米品质较稳定。优质杂交水稻组合在湖南长沙种植,宜安排在8月下旬至9月上旬始穗。To study the effect of temperature in grain filling stage(from initial heading to maturity)on grain quality of hybrid rice,13 indica hybrid rice combinations were used as materials,and seven sowing dates were set.Field temperature in grain filling stage was recorded,and 10 grain quality indexes were tested to analyze the changes of grain quality indexes of each hybrid rice combination at different sowing dates.The results showed that temperature in grain filling stage had a great impact on grain quality of hybrid rice.The effect degree of 10 grain quality indexes from large to small were chalky degree,chalky grain rate,transparency,head rice rate,amylose content,alkali spreading value,gel consistency,length-width ratio,grain length and brown rice rate.Correlation analysis showed that head rice rate and amylose content in almost all combinations were significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with temperature in grain filling stage,and alkali spreading value of most combinations was significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with temperature in grain filling stage,and chalky grain rate,chalky degree and transparency of most combinations were significantly or very significantly positively correlated with temperature in grain filling stage,while brown rice rate,gel consistency,grain length,and length-width ratio were not significantly correlated with temperature in grain filling stage.There were differences among different hybrid rice combinations in sensitivity of grain quality to temperature in grain filling stage.The grain quality of hybrid rice combinations with weak sensitivity was less affected by temperature in grain filling stage,thus their grain quality was relatively stable.The planting of high quality hybrid rice combinations in Changsha,Hunan should be arranged from late August to early September.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 稻米品质 结实期 温度 品种敏感性 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311