云南省4个州(市)疣粒野生稻的调查、收集与保护  

Investigation,Collection and Protection of Oryza meyeriana in Four Prefectures(Cities) of Yunnan Province

作　　者：刘学思 殷富有[1] 张敦宇[1] 熊子璇 刘鑫 李玉琢 李俊[2] 杨顺发 杨和生 白成星 彭钰婷 刘丽[1] 钟巧芳[1] 程在全[1] 肖素勤[1] LIU Xuesi;YIN Fuyou;ZHANG Dunyu;XIONG Zixuan;LIU Xin;LI Yuzhuo;LI Jun;YANG Shunfa;YANG Hesheng;BAI Chengxing;PENG Yuting;LIU Li;ZHONG Qiaofang;CHENG Zaiquan;XIAO Suqin(Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan 666199,China;Rural Industry Development Centre of Yuanjiang Hani,Yi and Dai Autonomous County,Yuxi,Yunnan 653399,China;Seed Management Station of Luliang County,Qujing,Yunnan 655699,China;Luomian Integrated Agricultural Service Centre of Fumin County,Kunming,Yunnan 650401,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]西双版纳傣族自治州农业科学研究所,云南西双版纳666199 [3]元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县乡村产业发展中心,云南玉溪653399 [4]陆良县种子管理站,云南曲靖655699 [5]富民县罗免镇农业综合服务中心,云南昆明650401

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2023年第5期20-25,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200102-02);云南省青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-284);科技人才与平台计划(2019HB034,202105AM070035)。

摘　　要：了解云南省疣粒野生稻的自然生存现状,为进一步制定野生稻资源保护政策提供依据,2021—2022年对云南省玉溪市、临沧市、普洱市和西双版纳州等4个州(市)的疣粒野生稻生存现状进行调查。结果表明,截至2022年8月,调查的4个州(市)现存疣粒野生稻共有25个点,4个点为新发现。其中,分布范围小于300 m^(2)的分布点占36%,分布范围在300~900m^(2)的分布点占12%,分布范围在900 m^(2)以上的分布点占52%。根据疣粒野生稻分布的历史资料,本研究调查的州(市)原有11个乡镇共有分布点36个,然而本次实地调查其中的34个分布点,只有21个分布点尚有疣粒野生稻,分布点丧失率为38.24%。本次调查中,部分分布点疣粒野生稻呈现濒危趋势,因此抢救性收集了405份疣粒野生稻种茎样本进行异位保存,有效地保存了云南疣粒野生稻资源,提高了种质保存的安全性。本次调查发现,造成疣粒野生稻消失的主要原因有城镇化建设、开垦种植橡胶树和桉树、除草剂的使用、人为药用以及自然灾害等。针对上述濒危原因,本研究提出建立原位保护、异位保护和生物技术保护等多层次保存保护措施,最大程度地提高野生稻保存和保护的安全性。To understand the natural survival status of Oryza meyeriana in Yunnan Province and provide a basis for further development of wild rice resource protection policies,the survival status of O.meyeriana in Yuxi City,Lincang City,Pu'er City and Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Yunnan Province was investigated from 2021 to 2022.The results showed that as of August 2022,there were 25 existing sites with O.meyeriana in the four prefectures(cities)investigated,and four sites were new discoveries.Among them,36.00%were distributed in a range of less than 300 m^(2),12.00%were distributed in a range of 300~900 m^(2),and 52.00%were distributed in a range of more than 900 m^(2).According to the historical data of the distribution of O.meyeriana,there were 36 distribution sites in the original 11 townships in the prefectures(cities)investigated in this study.However,among the 34 distribution sites in this field survey,only 21 distribution sites still had O.meyeriana,and the distribution loss rate was 38.24%.In this investigation,some distribution sites of O.meyeriana showed an endangered trend,so 405 stem samples of O.meyeriana were collected for ex situ conservation,which effectively preserved the resources of O.meyeriana in Yunnan and improved the safety of germplasm conservation.The survey found that the main reasons for the disappearance of O.meyeriana were urbanization,cultivation of rubber trees and eucalyptus,the use of herbicides,artificial medicine and natural disasters.In view of the above endangered reasons,this study proposed the establishment of multi-level measures of conservation and protection such as in situ conservation,ex situ conservation and biotechnology protection to improve the safety of conservation and protection of wild rice.

关 键 词：云南 疣粒野生稻 野生稻资源 分布现状 调查 收集 保护 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S-1