施氮量对小粒型杂交稻产量与氮素利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Small-grain Hybrid Rice

作　　者：郭浪 肖敏[1] 崔璨 程周琦 刘玉午 卓乐 吴思 唐文帮 易镇邪[1] GUO Lang;XIAO Min;CUI Can;CHENG Zhouqi;LIU Yuwu;ZHUO Le;WU Si;TANG Wenbang;YI Zhenxie(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]杂交水稻全国重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2023年第5期108-114,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1401105,2018YFD 0301005);国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20502)。

摘　　要：以小粒不育系卓234S系列杂交稻组合(卓234S/R1126,V1;卓234S/R1353,V2;卓234S/R1519,V3)为材料,研究不同施氮量(0、120、180、240 kg/hm^(2),分别记作N0、N1、N2、N3)对小粒型杂交稻产量与氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,施氮量显著影响小粒型杂交稻产量,N2处理显著高于N1处理,但与N3处理差异不显著;有效穗数随施氮量增加而增加,且N2和N3处理显著高于N1处理;从整体上看,每穗总粒数随施氮量增加表现先升后降趋势,但施氮处理间差异不显著;结实率、千粒重随施氮量增加呈下降趋势。施氮使小粒型杂交稻干物质量显著提高,2021年3个组合成熟期干物质量均以N2处理最高,2022年V1组合表现与2021年一致,V2、V3组合以N3处理最高。各组合成熟期地上部氮积累量整体上随施氮量的增加而增加,除2022年V3组合的N3处理显著高于N2处理外,其余组合N2与N3处理差异不显著,但均显著高于N1处理。各组合氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率、产谷利用率随施氮量增加而下降,氮肥吸收利用率以N1和N2处理较高,显著高于N3处理。可见,本试验条件下,小粒型杂交稻在施氮180 kg/hm^(2)条件下既可实现高产,又可获得较高的氮肥吸收利用率。The effects of nitrogen application rate(0 kg/hm^(2),N0;120 kg/hm^(2),N1;180 kg/hm^(2),N2;240 kg/hm^(2),N3)on the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of small-grain hybrid rice were studied with the series of hybrid rice combinations(Zhuo 234S/R1126,V1;Zhuo 234S/R1353,V2;Zhuo 234S/R1519,V3)derived from the small-grain sterile line Zhuo 234S as the materials.The results showed that nitrogen application rate significantly affected the yield of small-grain hybrid rice.The yield of N2 was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment,while the difference between N2 and N3 treatment was not significant.The number of effective panicles increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and those of N2 and N3 were significantly higher than that of N1.The total grain number per panicle showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate,but the difference between the nitrogen application treatments was not significant.The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The dry matter accumulation of small-grain hybrid rice was significantly improved due to nitrogen application.In 2021,the dry matter weight of all three combinations at maturity was the highest in N2 treatment.In 2022,the performance of V1 was the same as that in 2021,while V2 and V3 were the highest in N3 treatment.The aboveground nitrogen accumulation of each combination increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Except for V3 in 2022,in which N3 significantly higher than N2,the differences between N2 and N3 in all combinations were not significant,but N2 and N3 were significantly higher than N1.The nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and grain yield utilization rate of each combination decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization rate of N1 and N2 was significantly higher than that of N3.In con

关 键 词：小粒型杂交稻 施氮量 产量 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318