中国南方可培养嗜角蛋白真菌群落组成和多样性及影响因素  

Community composition,diversity and influencing factors of culturable keratinophilic fungi in southern China

作　　者：李旭 张芝元[1] 董醇波 张延威[2] 韩燕峰[1] LI Xu;ZHANG Zhiyuan;DONG Chunbo;ZHANG Yanwei;HAN Yanfeng(Institute of Fungus Resources/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology and Management on Forest Fire in Higher Education Institutions of Guizhou Province,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院真菌资源研究所/山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范学院贵州省高等学校林火生态与管理重点实验室,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第12期2356-2373,共18页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060011,32160007,32260003);贵州省百层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合[2020]6005);贵州省教育厅特色领域项目(黔教合KY字[2021]073)。

摘　　要：以鸡羽毛为钓饵,对采自中国南方13个地区的39所医院土壤中的嗜角蛋白真菌富集培养。通过稀释平板法对土壤中可培养真菌进行分离,探究不同地区嗜角蛋白真菌群落组成及多样性特征,并揭示土壤理化因子与嗜角蛋白真菌之间的相关性。结果表明,从不同地区医院土壤中共分离到嗜角蛋白真菌11916株,隶属于4门,10纲,23目,42科,76属,各地区优势属不同,其中奈尼兹皮菌属Nannizzia、青霉属Penicillium和被孢霉属Mortierella为13个地区的共有属。在属水平上,重庆地区嗜角蛋白真菌多样性和均匀度最高,福建地区多样性及均匀度最低。Chao 1和ACE丰富度指数表明,广东和江苏两地区的丰富度均较高。相关性分析表明,土壤中有机碳(OC)、pH、速效氮(AN)、全磷(TP)、有机质(SOM)、碳氮比(C/N)显著影响嗜角蛋白真菌的群落组成和多样性,其中AN与嗜角蛋白真菌多样性指数相关性最强,是影响可培养嗜角蛋白真菌群落组成和多样性的主要因子。本研究结果揭示了13个地区的嗜角蛋白真菌群落组成、相对多度及优势类群皆存在差异且受到土壤理化因子的影响。该研究为了解嗜角蛋白真菌的种类和分布提供科学基础资料,同时扩大了微生物角蛋白酶的菌种资源。Random samples of keratinophilic fungi collected from green belts of 39 hospitals in 13 regions of southern China were enriched and cultured using chicken feathers as bait.Culturable fungi in soil were isolated by dilution plate method,and the community composition and diversity characteristics of keratinophilic fungi in different regions were investigated,and the correlation between soil physicochemical factors and keratinophilic fungi was revealed.A total of 11916 isolates of keratinophilic fungi was obtained,belonging to 4 phyla,10 classes,23 orders,42 families and 76 genera.The dominant genera are different in different regions,and Nannizzia,Penicillium and Mortierella were common in 13 regions.At the genus level,the diversity and evenness of keratinophilic fungi were the highest in Chongqing,and those were the lowest in Fujian.Chao 1 and ACE richness index showed comparatively high in Guangdong and Jiangsu.Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon(OC),pH,available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),organic matter(SOM)and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)significantly affected the community composition and diversity of keratinophilic fungi,and the correlation between AN and diversity index of keratinophilic fungi was utmost.AN is the main factor affecting the community composition and diversity of culturable keratinophilic fungi.In conclusion,the community composition,relative abundance and dominant groups of keratinophilic fungi in 13 regions were different and were affected by soil physicochemical factors.

关 键 词：土壤真菌 丝状真菌 真菌多样性 土壤理化因子 医院土壤 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]