抗辣椒炭疽病菌盘长孢状刺盘孢的木霉菌的筛选  

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pepper

作　　者：李叶彤 马玉坤 杨仕佳 李玉[1] 朱兆香[1] LI Yetong;MA Yukun;YANG Shijia;LI Yu;ZHU Zhaoxiang(Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi of Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学植物保护学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第12期2374-2387,共14页Mycosystema

基　　金：科技部重点研发专项(2018YFE0107800)。

摘　　要：本试验通过对峙培养法筛选出28株具有强拮抗能力和15株中等拮抗能力的木霉菌。使用玻璃纸培养法进一步复筛出6株木霉菌(104、393、424、402、451和123T),其非挥发性次生代谢产物对盘长孢状刺盘孢的抑制率高达92%以上。通过平板对扣培养法发现木霉菌424(Trichoderma atroviride)以及123T(T.paratroviride)的挥发性次生代谢产物对盘长孢状刺盘孢也具有抑制作用,抑制率分别为57.12%和60.43%。试验还对9个辣椒品种进行了盘长孢状刺盘孢的果实致病性评价,发现红尖椒属于高度易感病品种。在对该品种进行针尖刺伤法处理后,喷施木霉菌424和123T的分生孢子悬浮液后可以提高其对病菌的抗性。此外,试验还发现上述2株木霉菌的孢子悬浮液对辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长具有促进作用,其将辣椒种子的发芽率由38.9%提高至70.0%。同时,辣椒幼苗经木霉菌分生孢子处理后,株高、根长、茎粗、鲜重和干重分别增加了52.5%、96.0%、104.0%、372.0%和224.0%。综上所述,本试验筛选的木霉菌424和123T能够充分发挥其生防能力,为进一步开发辣椒炭疽病的生防制剂提供了重要理论依据。Twenty-eight Trichoderma isolates with strong antagonistic abilities and 15 isolates with moderate antagonistic abilities were screened through dual culture assays.Further screen using cellophane filtration membrane method resulted in the acquirement of six Trichoderma strains(104,393,424,402,451,and 123T)having non-volatile secondary metabolites that demonstrated potent inhibitory effects against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,with inhibition rates exceeding 92%.The inhibition rates of volatile secondary metabolites of Trichoderma atroviride 424 and T.paratroviride 123T against C.gloeosporioides were 57.12%and 60.43%,respectively.Pathogenicity evaluations of nine tested Capsicum annuum cultivars revealed high susceptibility.However,treatment of pepper fruits with needle puncture followed by spraying with spore suspensions of Trichoderma strains 424 and 123T significantly increased the resistance to C.gloeosporioides.The spore suspensions of these Trichoderma strains promoted pepper seed germination and seedling growth.The germination rate of seeds treated with 123T increased from 38.9%to 70.0%.Moreover,pepper seedlings treated with the spore suspensions of 424 and 123T exhibited significant increases in plant height,root length,stem thickness,fresh weight,and dry weight,with improvements of 52.5%,96.0%,104.0%,372.0%,and 224.0%,respectively.Trichoderma strains 424 and 123T highlight the biocontrol potential against C.gloeosporioides and hopefully can be developed as biological control agents.

关 键 词：盘长孢状刺盘菌 木霉菌 拮抗能力 促生作用 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.418[农业科学—植物保护]