开垦对阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落功能多样性的影响  

Effects of Cultivation on Functional Diversity of Desert Rodent Community in Alxa Desert

作　　者：柱娜 李鑫 付和平 李琳琳 陈国康 袁帅 武晓东 ZHU Na;LI Xin;FU He-Ping;LI Lin-Lin;CHEN Guo-Kang;YUAN Shuai;WU Xiao-Dong(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agriculture University Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled,Inner Mongolia,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,草地啮齿动物生态学与鼠害控制重点实验室,教育部草地资源重点实验室,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2023年第6期867-880,共14页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区青年科技人才发展计划项目(No.NJYT22044);国家自然科学基金项目(No.32060256,32060395);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(No.2021GG0108);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(No.2021ZD0006);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费(No.BR220106,BR221037);草原生态保护修复治理补助项目(No.Z75070050001-2110405);内蒙古自然基金项目(No.2023MS03025)。

摘　　要：开垦会导致荒漠化的加剧,并对动物群落产生严重的影响。而功能多样性恰恰能体现环境或干扰胁迫导致的群落结构差异。但有关啮齿动物群落功能多样性的研究并不多见,为此,我们在2018至2020年的4月、7月和10月利用铗日法对开垦区和未开垦区的啮齿动物群落进行调查,选择并量化了与其营养、生活史、生理、形态及活动节律等相关的5个功能性状,以探讨开垦对啮齿动物群落组成的影响,以及性状组成和功能多样性变化。研究结果表明:(1)开垦区群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于未开垦区,开垦改变了啮齿动物群落性状组成;(2)阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落组成与蛰眠、繁殖周期和食性等功能性状显著相关;(3)开垦区春、秋季群落功能丰富度和功能均匀度高于未开垦区,各季节群落功能离散度显著高于未开垦区;而未开垦区夏季群落功能丰富度高于开垦区,秋季群落功能均匀度高于开垦区;(4)开垦区和未开垦区群落功能丰富度最高值均出现在夏季,二者在不同季节间差异较大;开垦区群落功能均匀度最高值出现在春季、功能离散度最高值出现在秋季,二者在季节间差异均较小;未开垦群落功能均匀度最高值出现在秋季、功能离散度最高值出现在夏季,二者在季节间差异均较大。上述结果说明,阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落功能多样性变化与土地开垦和季节相关联,开垦会从啮齿动物群落的生态空间利用程度、资源利用、种间竞争及生态位等方面影响群落功能多样性。[Objectives]Cultivation will lead to the aggravation of desertification and have a serious impact on animal communities.Functional diversity can precisely reflect the differences in community structure caused by environmental or interference stress.In this study,the desert rodent community in Alxa was taken as the research object to explore the changes in functional composition and functional diversity of the desert rodent community under the disturbance of cultivation,to provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of small mammal diversity in desert areas.The functional strategies of rodents to adapt to the environment are different,and their community structure is also different.Functional traits can reflect the interaction between species and abiotic and biotic factors in the environment and are closely related to niche differentiation,species coexistence,and community construction.Environmental filtering significantly affects community functional diversity.To this end,we propose the hypothesis that cultivation will affect the functional diversity of rodent communities and have seasonal changes.Through the change in functional diversity index,it shows the impact on community ecological space utilization,resource utilization,and niche.[Methods]The effects of cultivation and uncultivated on the functional diversity of desert rodent communities in Alxa were studied in April,July,and October of 2018-2020.The trap-day method was used to study rodent communities in disturbed habitats.Five functional traits were selected and quantified:nutrition,life history,physiology,morphology,and activity rhythm.and this paper uses Excel to input,sort out and calculate the species diversity of the original data.The different level of rodent species diversity between cultivation and uncultivated areas was determined by SPSS 20.0 one-way analysis of variance.The significant difference level was set to(P<0.05)and plotted with Origin Pro 8 software.The‘mFD’package of software R 4.2.0 was used to analyze the correlation between

关 键 词：干扰 啮齿动物群落 功能多样性 功能性状 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]