2020-2021年冬季长三角北部典型农业城市大气PM_(2.5)及其组分特征和来源解析  

Characteristics and Source Apportion of Atmospheric PM2.5 and Its Components in a Northern Typical Agricultural City of the Yangtze River Delta in Winter of 2020-2021

作　　者：康盼茹 陶园园 童艳君 李少卿 张佳浩 王婉[1] 段菁春[1,2] 易鹏 KANG Panru;TAO Yuanyuan;TONG Yanjun;LI Shaoqing;ZHANG Jiahao;WANG Wan;DUAN Jingchun;YI Peng(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Joint Research Center for Tackling Key Problems in Air Pollution Control,Beijing 100012,China;Environmental Science Research Institute of Suzhou,Suzhou 234000,China;Environmental Monitoring Center of Suzhou,Suzhou 234000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]国家大气污染防治攻关联合中心,北京100012 [3]宿州市环境科学研究所,安徽宿州234000 [4]宿州环境监测中心,安徽宿州234000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第12期2269-2281,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：宿州市大气污染防治科技支撑服务项目(No.SZCG2019180A);宿州市细颗粒物和臭氧污染协同防控“一市一策”驻点跟踪研究项目(No.DQGG202116)。

摘　　要：长三角地区空气质量在“十三五”期间得到了大幅改善,但是其北部地区大气环境形势依然严峻,尤其在冬季霾频发,成为长三角地区深入打赢蓝天保卫战的短板.本研究以长三角北部典型农业城市-宿州市为研究对象,于2020年12月-2021年2月在宿州市环境监测站开展环境大气PM_(2.5)手工样品采集和化学组分分析.结果表明:2020年12月-2021年2月,宿州市冬季PM_(2.5)浓度平均值为(80±31)μg/m^(3),49%的采样天数高出《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)日均值二级标准(75μg/m^(3)).水溶性无机离子浓度平均值为(38.6±24.8)μg/m^(3),占PM_(2.5)的48%,其中二次离子浓度为(33.8±20.3)μg/m^(3),在PM_(2.5)中占比达到42%;宿州市NH4+浓度相对较高,加强对本地农业源NH_(3)排放强度的控制可能是降低宿州市离子浓度乃至PM_(2.5)浓度的关键.总碳(TC)、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度平均值分别为(19.0±7.3)、(16.3±6.2)和(2.7±1.2)μg/m^(3),OC和EC在PM_(2.5)中的占比分别为17%和2.8%.地壳元素和痕量无机元素浓度平均值分别为(8.5±7.8)和(0.23±0.11)μg/m^(3),在PM_(2.5)中的占比分别为10.5%和0.3%.PMF源解析结果表明,宿州市冬季大气PM_(2.5)主要来自交通源(22%)、燃烧源(21%)和二次无机粒子(21%),同时,还受到扬尘源(18%)、工业源(15%)和烟花爆竹燃放源(3%)的影响.因此,在冬季PM_(2.5)浓度较高的宿州市,应重点加强交通源、燃烧源和二次无机前体物(NO_(x)、SO_(2)和NH_(3))的排放监管,减少PM_(2.5)的二次生成;此外,还应在春节烟花爆竹集中燃放期间加强“禁燃措施”的宣传力度和管控力度,助力环境空气质量进一步改善.During the‘13th Five Year Plan’period,the overall air quality in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region improved,significantly.However,the atmospheric environment situation in the northern area of YRD is still severe.In addition,the frequently occurrence of haze in winter has become a weakness in winning the battle to protest the blue sky.This study focuses on a typical agricultural city in the northern part of YRD region.Local PM_(2.5) samples were collected manually at the Suzhou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station from December of 2020 to February of 2021,and the chemical components of the samples were analyzed.The results showed that the average PM_(2.5) concentration in winter was(80±31)μg/m^(3),and 49%of the sampling days exceeded the standard limit of levelⅡ(75μg/m^(3))of Ambient Air Quality Standards(GB 3095-2012).The seasonal average concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions was(38.6±24.8)μg/m^(3),accounting for 48%of PM_(2.5).The average concentration of secondary inorganic ions was(33.8±20.3)μg/m^(3),accounting for 42%of PM_(2.5).The average concentration of NH4+in Suzhou was relatively high,and the emission intensity of NH3 from local agricultural sources may be the key to reducing ion and even PM_(2.5) concentrations in Suzhou.The seasonal average concentrations of total carbon,organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)were(19.0±7.3),(16.3±6.2)and(2.7±1.2)μg/m^(3),respectively,and OC and EC accounted for 17%and 2.8%of PM_(2.5),respectively.The seasonal average concentrations of crustal elements and trace inorganic elements were(8.5±7.8)and(0.23±0.11)μg/m^(3),respectively,accounting for 10.5%and 0.3%of PM_(2.5),respectively.According to the PMF results,the local atmospheric PM_(2.5) mainly came from traffic(22%),combustion(21%)and secondary inorganic(21%)sources.In addition,it was also affected by dust(18%),industrial(15%)and fireworks burning(3%)sources.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the emission regulations of traffic sources,combustion sources,and secondary inor

关 键 词：长三角北部地区 PM_(2.5)及其组分 PMF来源解析 烟花爆竹燃放 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]