复杂风速廓线下风力机柔性叶片的气弹模型  

Aeroelastic model of flexible blades of wind turbines under complex wind speed profiles

作　　者：何攀 夏健 Pan He;Jian Xia(College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China

出　　处：《Acta Mechanica Sinica》2023年第9期25-38,共14页力学学报（英文版）

摘　　要：为了建立复杂风速廓线下风力机柔性叶片的气弹模型.将控制系统耦合到叶素动量理论中建立了气动模型;再以几何精确梁理论为基础,建立了可以求解任意材料和任意截面形状的结构模型;并将两者结合,建立了风力机气弹模型,编写了完整的C++代码;最后将该模型应用到实际工程,计算了低空急流入流条件下风轮的气动特性和叶片的动态响应.结果表明:本文的模型和代码是准确的,并且当控制系统耦合到气动力计算方法中时,在额定风速之前,部分功率误差传递到了转速,在额定风速以后,全部的功率误差传递到了桨距角;结构模型可以准确的计算风力机叶片的静态,动态变形以及特征频率;当低空急流高度不同时,控制系统弱化了强剪切风对风轮平均气动力的影响,但是气动力变化的幅值仍然受低空急流高度影响很大,因此风场微观选址时,塔筒高度的选择需要考虑低空急流高度的影响;当叶片上的气动力相似时,叶片动态响应的规律相似,主要被叶片的特征频率影响。本文工作对风力机叶片气弹研究具有参考意义.With the increasing size of wind turbines,the inflow conditions are also becoming more and more complex,and the rotor speed and blade-pitch angle are unknown under complex inflow conditions,so in order to avoid establishing an equivalent wind speed model,the control system was coupled to the blade element momentum theory(BEMT)to establish an aerodynamic model.In addition,due to the increasing flexibility of blades,a structural model of blades that can solve any section shape and any material properties was established based on the geometrically exact beam theory.Finally,the aerodynamic model and the structural model were coupled to establish the aeroelastic model and implemented by C++.The model was applied to engineering calculations,and the aerodynamic characteristics of wind rotors and the dynamic response of blades under different low-level jets(LLJ)were calculated and analyzed.The results show that when the control system is coupled to the BEMT,part of the power error is transferred to the rotor speed for below-rated wind speeds,and all the power error is transferred to blade-pitch angle for the above-rated wind speeds.The structural model can accurately calculate the static,dynamic displacement and natural frequency of the blades.When the LLJ height is different,the control system weakens the influence of strong shear wind on the average aerodynamic force on the sweeping surface of the wind rotor,but the amplitude of aerodynamic force is still greatly affected by the LLJ height.When the aerodynamic force on the blade is similar,the law of structure dynamic response is the same,which is mainly affected by the natural frequency of the blade.Our work has important reference significance for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of wind rotors and the dynamic response of blades.

关 键 词：风力机叶片 额定风速 风轮 气弹模型 叶素动量理论 特征频率 结构模型 微观选址 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]