某船用柴油机活塞裙部断裂原因分析  

Analysis on the Causes of Piston Skirt Fracture in a Marine Diesel Engine

作　　者：徐海成 魏达 张博 郭培苗 马帅 XU Haicheng;WEI Da;ZHANG Bo;GUO Peimiao;MA Shuai(Offshore Equipment Project Management Center,Beijing 100071,China;Shanxi Diesel Engine Industry Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037036,China)

机构地区：[1]海装装备项目管理中心,北京100071 [2]山西柴油机工业有限责任公司,山西大同037036

出　　处：《内燃机》2023年第6期49-55,共7页Internal Combustion Engines

摘　　要：活塞承受着沉重的机械负荷和热负荷,且在高速往复运动中,润滑条件往往非常恶劣。活塞裙部断裂是柴油机零部件损坏的主要形式之一。对某船柴油机裙部断裂的真实案例进行了分析,结合活塞裙部断裂机理,从燃烧和润滑两个方向进行了分析,通过拆检,材料微观分析、化学成分检测以及断裂机理分析,找到了活塞裙部断裂的根本原因——活塞销衬套的润滑不良和异常磨损。在此基础上,提出了检查及校验的多项建议措施,以有效避免此类事故的发生。The piston is subjected to heavy mechanical and thermal loads,and in high-speed reciprocating motion,the lubrication conditions are often very harsh.Piston skirt fracture is one of the main forms of damage to diesel engine components.In order to identify the root cause of piston skirt fracture and find corresponding solutions to prevent such accidents from happening again,an objective analysis of a real case of piston skirt fracture in a marine diesel engine was conducted.By combining the mechanism of piston skirt fracture,in-depth research and analysis were conducted from two aspects:combustion conditions and poor lubrication.The root cause of piston skirt fracture was finally found to be poor lubrication and abnormal wear of the piston pin bushing.On this basis,a series of recommended measures were proposed to effectively prevent the recurrence of such accidents.

关 键 词：活塞 疲劳断裂 衬套松动 燃烧异常 润滑不良 

分 类 号：TK428[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]