侧向环形切缝装药爆破效应及其在硬岩掏槽中的应用  

Blasting Effects and of Lateral Annular Slit Charge and Application in Hard Rock Cutting

作　　者：程兵[1,2,3] 汪泉 汪海波[3] 程扬帆[1,2] 宗琦[3] 王梦想[3] CHENG Bing;WANG Quan;WANG Hai-bo;CHENG Yang-fan;ZONG Qi;WANG Meng-xiang(Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [3]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第12期1245-1254,共10页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：安徽理工大学高层次引进人才科研启动基金(2022yjrc101),安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金(AHBP2022B-01)。

摘　　要：针对硬岩巷道掏槽效果差的问题,提出了侧向环形切缝装药以提高槽腔内侧的破岩能力,理论分析了该装药的爆破效应,通过模型实验讨论了该装药爆破以后爆炸应变和爆生裂隙的分布特征,并开展现场试验探究了该装药的应用效果。结果显示:侧向环形切缝装药在切缝位置会形成聚能效应,促使切缝位置处岩体承受更强爆炸载荷,从而具有更强的裂隙扩展能力。侧向环形切缝管的存在会降低非切缝方向爆炸应变和提高切缝方向爆炸应变,应变分布特征证明了侧向环形切缝装药在切缝方向的聚能现象;并且通过观测宏观裂隙扩展情况,侧向环形切缝装药在切缝方向的裂隙扩展能力得到了明显提高。与常规柱状装药掏槽爆破技术相比,在硬岩巷道采用侧向环形切缝装药掏槽爆破技术可以提高掘进效率和减少掘进成本,结果验证了侧向环形切缝装药在硬岩巷道掏槽爆破中具有良好适用性。A lateral annular slit charge was proposed in order to improve cutting effect in hard rock tuunels.Firstly,the blasting effects of the charge were analyzed theoretically.Then,the distributions of blasting strain and blasting crack after the charge blasting were studied through the model experiments.Finally,field tests were implemented to explore the applied efficacy of the charge.Results showed that the lateral annular slit charge could induce an energy accumulation effect at the slit position,which results in the rock mass at the slit position being subjected to stronger blasting loads and thus having stronger crack propagation ability.The lateral annular slit tube could reduce the blasting strain in the non-slit direction and increase the blasting strain in the slit direction.The strain distribution characteristic proves the energy accumulation phenomenon in the slit direction of the lateral annular slit charge.According to the macroscopic crack propagation,the crack propagation ability of lateral annular slit charge in the slit direction has been significantly improved.Compared with conventional column charge cutting blasting technique,the lateral annular slit charge cutting blasting technique could improve drivage efficiency and reduce cost in hard rock tunnels,which verifys that the lateral annular slit charge is preferred in hard rock tunnel cutting blasting.

关 键 词：侧向环形切缝装药 硬岩巷道 掏槽爆破 爆破效应 

分 类 号：TJ51[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TD236[矿业工程—矿井建设]