不良职业因素对孕产妇抑郁状况的影响  

Impact of adverse occupational factors on the depression status of maternal women

作　　者：宋青 刘辉 季福玲 刘志胜 郭晓慧 陈鹤 俞文兰[5] 于常艳[5] 罗志勇 SONG Qing;LIU Hui;JI Fuling;LIU Zhisheng;GUO Xiaohui;CHEN He;YU Wenlan;YU Changyan;LUO Zhiyong(Chengyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao Academy of Preventive Medicine,Qingdao,Shandong 266033,China;Chengyang District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital,Qingdao,Shandong 266000,China;National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Department 3,Sichuan Armed Police Corps Hospital,Leshan,Sichuan 614000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市城阳区疾病预防控制中心,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市疾病预防控制中心,青岛市预防医学研究院,山东青岛266033 [3]青岛市城阳区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,山东青岛266109 [4]青岛阜外心血管病医院,山东青岛266000 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [6]武警四川省总队医院,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第6期669-673,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BRK038)。

摘　　要：目的 分析孕产妇抑郁状况及其与职业因素的关系。方法 于2018年4—7月,采用方便抽样方法,选择1 073名孕产妇为研究对象,采用《抑郁自评量表》调查其抑郁状况。结果 1 073名孕产妇中233人抑郁,抑郁检出率为21.7%;其中,轻度、中度、重度抑郁检出率分别为17.9%、3.2%、0.7%。多因素logistic回归分析显示:相对于初中及以下文化程度者,研究生及以上学历者发生抑郁的危险降低至0.13倍(95%CI:0.04~0.45);相对于初婚,其他婚姻状况(未婚同居、已婚丧偶和离异)者抑郁的危险升高(OR=9.04,95%CI:1.62~50.53);相对于妊娠期工作时间<30 h/周、长时间站立、妊娠期不接触职业病危害因素的孕产妇,妊娠期工作时间> 40 h/周、工作时长时间坐姿或走动、接触职业病危害因素的孕产妇发生抑郁的危险分别增加至2.52(95%CI:1.30~4.91)、3.28(95%CI:1.34~8.02)、2.00(95%CI:1.28~3.11)、2.67(1.78~3.99)倍。相对于怀孕后未调整工作岗位或降低工作强度的孕产妇、怀孕后调整工作岗位或降低工作强度的孕产妇,发生抑郁的危险降低至0.50(95%CI:0.32~0.77)倍。结论 职业因素可对孕产妇抑郁状况造成影响。应避免妊娠期职工长时间站立工作和接触职业病危害因素,合理安排妊娠期工作时间,调整工作岗位和降低工作强度,开展健康教育,以降低孕产妇抑郁发生率。Objective To understand the depression status of maternal women and its association with occupational factors.Methods From April to July 2018,using the convenient sampling method,a total of 1073 maternal women were investigated by the self-rating depression scale(SDS).Results Among 1073 pregnant women,233 had depression,with a prevalence of 21.7%,while the incidence of mild,moderate,and severe depression was 17.9%,3.2%,and 0.7%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression was reduced in those with a graduate degree or higher compared with those with junior high school education and below(OR=0.13,95%CI:0.04-0.45).The maternal women in marital conditions(such as unmarried,cohabitation,widows,and divorced)had a higher risk of depression compared to women in married conditions(OR=9.04,95%CI:1.62-50.53);while the maternal women working longer than 40 hours per week during pregnancy(versus less than 30 hours per week),sitting or walking for a long time(versus standing for a long time),and being exposed to occupational hazards(versus non-exposed)had a higher risk of depression,the OR were 2.52(95%CI:1.30-4.91),3.28(95%CI:1.34-8.02),2.00(95%CI:1.28-3.11),and 2.67 (1.78 -3.99), respectively. Additionally, compared to those who did not adjust their job position or workload afterpregnancy, maternal women who adjusted their jobs or reduced their work intensity after pregnancy had a reduced risk ofdepression of 0.50 (95%CI: 0.32 -0.77). Conclusions Adverse occupational factors can have an impact on maternaldepression. It is advisable to avoid prolonged standing and exposure to occupational hazards, rationally arrange work hours,adjust work positions and reduce work intensity. Health education should be conducted to reduce the incidence of maternaldepression.

关 键 词：孕妇 产妇 抑郁 影响因素 职业因素 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]