常用职业健康风险评估模型在体温计生产企业中的应用  

Application of occupational health risk assessment models in a thermometer manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：吴培红 刘炘[1] 高玥 张恒东[1] 徐艳琼[1] WU Peihong;LIU Xin;GAO Yue;ZHANG Hengdong;XU Yanqiong(Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210028,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210028

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第6期699-703,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXK202249);江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(ZD2021024)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨常用的职业健康风险评估模型在某体温计生产企业汞的动态风险评估中的应用。方法 于2019年12月和2020年10月,对某体温计生产企业开展职业卫生现场调查与检测,运用美国国家环境保护署吸入风险评估模型(EPA法)、新加坡人力部化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估方法(MOM法)、国际采矿和金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型(ICMM法)以及GBZ/T 229.2—2010《工作场所职业病危害作业分级第2部分:化学物》评估汞的职业健康风险,对比职业防护设施改造前后风险比值的变化情况。结果 2019年75%(9/12)的岗位存在汞浓度超标。EPA法和ICMM法的风险评估结果主要为不可接受的风险;MOM法的评估结果主要为高风险;作业危害分级的评估结果显示三角体温计生产区岗位为重度危害作业,33%的岗位为中度危害作业。2020年防护设施改造后,所有岗位汞浓度均符合我国职业卫生标准的要求。2020年MOM法、ICMM法和作业危害分级评估的风险比值较2019年均有所下降(P <0.05);EPA法评估的风险比值差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 MOM法、ICMM法以及作业危害分级法用于汞的职业健康风险动态评估的适用性较好。Objective To explore the applicability of commonly used occupational health risk assessment models in the dynamic risk assessment of mercury in a thermometer manufacturing company.Methods In December 2019 and October 2020,an occupational health site survey and testing was conducted on a thermometer manufacturer to assess the occupational health risks of mercury and compare the risk ratio before(2019)and after(2020)renovation of occupational protective facilities,using the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)risk assessment guidelines,the Singapore Ministry of Manpower(MOM)semi-quantitative risk assessment method for chemical substance occupational exposure,the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)quantitative assessment method,and the GBZ/T 229.2—2010“Classification of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace Part 2:Chemicals”.Results In 2019,the mercury concentrations at 75%(9/12)of work positions were higher than the national OEL.The EPA and ICMM quantitative risk assessment methods showed that the risks were mainly unacceptable,while the MOM method showed that the risks were primarily high.The hazard classification method showed that the work positions in the triangular thermometer production area were classified as severe hazard work,and 33%of the work positions in other areas were categorized as moderate hazard work.After the renovation of the protective facility in 2020,the mercury concentrations at all work positions meet the requirements of China’s occupational health standards.The risk ratios shown by the MOM,ICMM,and operational hazard classification in 2020 significantly decreased compared to the 2019 risk levels(P<0.05),while the risk ratio shown by the EPA model showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusions The applicability of the MOM,ICMM,and GBZ/T 229.2—2010 are suitable for dynamic assessment of occupational health risks of mercury in this thermometer manufacturing enterprise.

关 键 词：汞 体温计 职业健康 动态风险评估 职业病防护设施 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R136[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]