风速和植被对内蒙古地区沙尘天气影响的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of the influence of wind speed and vegetation on dust weather in Inner Mongolia,China

作　　者：董祝雷 姜学恭 衣娜娜 许志丽 杭月荷 于水燕 Dong Zhulei;Jiang Xuegong;Yi Nana;Xu Zhili;Hang Yuehe;Yu Shuiyan(Inner Mongolia Climate Center,Hohhot 010000,China;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Observatory,Hohhot 010000,China;Inner Mongolia Weather Modification Center,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气候中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [2]内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [3]内蒙古自治区人工影响天气中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第6期29-39,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41965003);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS04026);内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目(nmqxkjcx202211,nmqxkjcx202203);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFSH0132)。

摘　　要：利用WRF-Chem模拟研究了植被覆盖率和风速对内蒙古地区一次沙尘过程起沙、输送及沙尘粒径分布的量化影响。同时基于内蒙古地区119个国家站1991—2020年沙尘日数据及中国全球大气再分析数据统计了内蒙古地区1991—2020年沙尘天气频数、风速及植被覆盖率时空分布。结果表明,内蒙古地区1991—2020年沙尘天气频数减小,植被覆盖增加,纬向(经向)风在内蒙古沙尘多发区显著减小。植被覆盖增加对沙尘的影响强于风速减小:植被覆盖率增加5%与风速减小30%对起沙的削减相当,且植被和风速均对沙源地小粒径沙尘的削减作用更强。因此植树造林可以选在细沙粒为主的半荒漠化地区优先开始,在保护原生植被和合理利用水资源的基础上,植树造林最终使植被覆盖率增加10%~15%即可。The quantitative effects of vegetation coverage and wind speed on the initiation,transport and sand size distribution of a dust process was studied by WRF-Chem in Inner Mongolia.At the same time,based on the dust data of 119 national stations in Inner Mongolia during 1991-2020 and the global atmospheric reanalysis data of China,the temporal changes and spatial distribution of total dust weather frequency,wind speed and vegetation coverage were counted.It is found that the frequency of total dust weather had decreased,the vegetation coverage had increased,and the zonal(radial)wind had significantly decreased in the areas with high dust rates of Inner Mongolia during 1991-2020.The effect of increasing vegetation cover on dust weather was significantly stronger than that of wind speed:the 5%increase in vegetation cover was comparable to the 30%decrease in wind speed that reduces sand emission.Both vegetation and wind speed have a stronger effect on the reduction of small particle size dust in the dust source.Therefore,desertification control projects such as afforestation should first be carried out in semi-desertification areas with fine particles,and on the basis of protecting native vegetation and rational use of water resources,the final vegetation coverage of afforestation can be increased by 10%-15%.

关 键 词：沙尘频数 风速 植被覆盖率 WRF-Chem模式 沙尘浓度 粒径 

分 类 号：P427.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]