河西走廊中部荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertus)蚁穴对秋季地表节肢动物群落结构的影响  

Effects of Messor desertus ant nests in the middle of Hexi Corridor on the community structure of ground arthropods in autumn

作　　者：冯怡琳 王永珍 林永一 刘继亮 方静 刘任涛[1,2,3] 赵文智 Feng Yilin;Wang Yongzhen;Lin Yongyi;Liu Jiliang;Fang Jing;Liu Rentaoabc;Zhao Wenzhi(School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第6期121-130,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA055);甘肃省拔尖领军人才(科学技术领域)计划(E339040101);国家自然科学基金项目(42230720,41771290)。

摘　　要：收获蚁蚁穴是荒漠生态系统中重要的微生境,它的存在会改变植被和土壤环境,从而影响动植物的分布。本研究以戈壁荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertus)蚁穴为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查秋季蚁穴边缘及毗邻裸地微生境蜘蛛、甲虫、蚂蚁、螨类和跳虫5种典型地表节肢动物类群的种类组成及数量,结合植被和土壤环境要素变化确定荒漠收获蚁活动及其塑造的蚁穴对5种地表节肢动物多样性的影响。结果表明:秋季蚁穴地表节肢动物的活动密度、类群数和多样性指数均显著高于毗邻裸地微生境,分别是裸地的2.9倍、2.5倍和4.5倍;蚁穴微生境蛛形纲、蜱螨目和弹尾目的群落组成与毗邻裸地明显不同,蚁穴显著提高了蛛形纲和弹尾目的活动密度和类群数,蚁穴微生境蛛形纲的活动密度与弹尾目的活动密度呈显著正相关;pRDA排序结果表明,土壤电导率及土壤黏粒、全氮、全磷和全钾含量是影响蚁穴和裸地微生境地表节肢动物分布的主要土壤因子。荒漠收获蚁蚁穴通过富集资源和改善土壤环境强烈影响秋季蛛形纲、蜱螨目螨类和弹尾目等地表节肢动物的聚集,而阎甲科和粪金龟科等鞘翅目和蚁科的活动对蚁穴存在的响应不敏感。Harvest ant nests are an important microhabitat in desert ecosystem that greatly affect the distribution and diversity of animals and plants by improving the vegetation and soil environment.In view of this,this paper selected gobi Messor desertus ant nests as the research object.We investigated the assemblage of five typical ground arthropod taxa,namely spiders,beetles,ants,mites and springtails in ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats using pitfall traps in autumn.This study combined with the changes of vegetation and soil environmental factors to analysis the effects of M.desertus activities and their nests on the diversity of five ground arthropods.The key results were as follows.The activity density,groups richness and diversity index of ground arthropods were significantly higher in ant nests than in adjacent bare ground microhabitats in autumn,which were 2.9 times,2.5 times and 4.5 times respectively;Arachnida,Acarina and Collembola community composition of ant nests and adjacent bare ground differed significantly.Ant nest microhabitats significantly increased the activity density and groups richness of Arachnida and Collembola,and the activity density of Arachnida was positively correlated with the activity density of Collembola;pRDA showed that soil electrical conductivity,soil clay,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content were the main soil factors driving the distribution of ground arthropod communities between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats.In conclusion,M.desertus nests strongly affect the aggregation of ground arthropods such as Arachnida,Acarina and Collembola in autumn by enriching resources and improving the soil environment,while the activities of Coleoptera(such as Histeridae and Geotrupidae)and Formicidae are insensitive to the presence of ant nests.

关 键 词：戈壁 荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertus) 蚁穴 裸地 地表节肢动物 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]