祁连山东大河林区煤矿修复对地表甲虫多样性的影响  

Response of ground beetle diversity to coal mine restoration in Dongdahe forest area of the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：孙小霞 冯怡琳 王永珍 罗维成 杨竟艺 史宏亮 刘继亮 Sun Xiaoxia;Feng Yilin;Wang Yongzhen;Luo Weicheng;Yang Jingyi;Shi Hongliang;Liu Jiliang(National Nature Reserve Management and Conservation Center of Qilian Mountain in Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China;Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区管护中心,甘肃张掖734000 [2]宁夏大学,宁夏银川750021 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730000 [5]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第6期176-186,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060304);国家自然科学基金项目(41771290,41701287)。

摘　　要：覆土和恢复草本植物可以快速改善高寒山区煤矿矿区环境,植被和土壤环境变化会强烈影响地表甲虫的分布及多样性,煤矿矿区海拔影响甲虫的群落结构变化。以地处祁连山中部的东大河林区为研究区,依据海拔选择宏达、头沟大坂和下泉沟3个典型煤矿作为研究对象,解析高寒山区煤矿人工修复对地表甲虫多样性的影响规律,确定影响地表甲虫分布的主要环境要素。结果表明:东大河林区人工覆土和恢复草本植被的煤矿矿区5年后,煤矿修复区和对照区地表甲虫群落组成还存在一定差异,海拔较高的下泉沟煤矿修复区和对照区地表甲虫群落的平均相异性(84.4%)高于海拔较低的宏达(54.6%)和头沟大坂(57.2%)煤矿。煤矿修复显著提高了头沟大坂和下泉沟煤矿地表甲虫的活动密度,地表甲虫的物种丰富度仅在下泉沟煤矿修复区显著高于对照区。煤矿修复对大、中型甲虫影响较小,但提高了小型甲虫的活动密度和物种丰富度,这在下泉沟煤矿表现尤为明显。海拔、坡度、草本盖度和土壤有机碳含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区地表甲虫分布的主要环境因子,它们解释了地表甲虫群落变异的22.1%。大、中型地表甲虫分布与海拔和坡度密切相关,而小型地表甲虫分布与草本盖度变化有关。祁连山区煤矿修复改变了植被和土壤环境,提高了小型甲虫的活动密度和物种丰富度,而大、中型甲虫的分布则主要受海拔及坡度变化的影响,它们对煤矿修复及海拔变化的响应模式不同决定了地表甲虫多样性变化。Mulching with guest soil and rapid vegetation restoration in the coal mining area of the alpine mountain will greatly affect the distribution and diversity of ground beetles,and the change of altitude in coal mining areas will affect the community structure of ground beetles.In this paper,Dongdahe forest area in the middle of Qilian Mountains was selected as a research area,and three typical coal mines,Hongda(HD),Tougoudaban(TGDB)and Xiaquangou(XQG)were selected as research objects according to the altitude gradient.In the three mine remediation areas and the control area(adjacent grassland),we systematically investigated species composition and quantitative changes in ground beetles using traps and environmental factor.The impact of artificial coal mine restoration on the diversity of carabid beetles in the Qilian Mountains was analyzed and the response pattern of carabid beetle diversity to coal mine restoration was determined.Moreover,the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of ground beetles were determined by canonical correspondence analysis and correlation analysis.The main results are as follows.After five years of reclamation in the Dongdahe forest area,the composition of the ground beetle population differed a little between the coal mine restoration and control areas and varied with the elevation gradient.Furthermore,the average dissimilarity(84.4%)of the ground beetle communities at the coal mine restoration area and in the control area was higher in higher-elevation XQG coal mines than in lower-elevation HD and TGDB coal mines(54.6%and 57.2%,respectively).The activity density of ground beetles at the restoration area of TGDB and XQG coal mines was significantly higher than that in the control area,and the species richness of ground beetles at the restoration area of XQG coal mines was significantly higher than that at the control areas.The functional traits of ground beetles,such as body size,influenced the response patterns of different beetle species to coal mine restoration.The co

关 键 词：祁连山 东大河林区 煤矿修复 地表甲虫多样性 个体大小 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]