广东肇庆柑橘园杂草发生种类及防控现状  

The occurrence and control of weed in citrus orchards in Zhaoqing,Guangdong

作　　者：杨凤梅 吉前华[1] 蒋惠[1] 郭丽英[1] 郭雁君[1] Yang Fengmei;Ji Qianhua;Jiang Hui;Guo Liying;Guo Yanjun(Fruit Research Institute,Zhaoqing University/College of Life Sciences,Zhaoging University,Zhaoqing Guangdong 526061,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆学院果树研究所/肇庆学院生命科学学院,广东肇庆526061

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2023年第11期36-45,82,共11页China Plant Protection

基　　金：国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26);广东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110580041);肇庆市科技计划项目(2021040316001)。

摘　　要：为明确肇庆地区柑橘园杂草发生种类和优势种群结构以及防草现状,对5个重要的柑橘主产县32个代表性果园进行调查。采用对角线五点法和“W”形九点取样法调查杂草种类,结果显示,该地区柑橘园杂草共143种,隶属48科111属,其中,相对多度在1%以上的有52种,为当地的主要杂草;相对多度为5%~10%的有10种杂草,为当地的优势杂草;相对多度大于10%的有莲子草、马唐、香附子、鬼针草、藿香蓟、牛筋草、两耳草7种,为当地主要优势杂草。该地区有除草剂、除草剂+机械割草、机械割草、自然生草+割草4种除草方式,有使用除草剂、机械除草和生态防草等主要措施,“垄上覆膜+垄间轮式大型割草机”和“垄上覆膜/生草+垄间履带式割草机+菌剂培肥”的杂草防控模式绿色高效、值得推广。研究结果对指导当地科学除草提供了重要依据。A survey was conducted in 32 representative citrus orchards across five important citrus-producing counties in Zhaoqing to investigate the weed species and dominant population in citrus orchards as well as the current weed control practices.The diagonal five-point method and“W”nine-point sampling method were used to investigate the weed species in orchards.The results showed that there were 143 weed species in citrus orchards within the region.These species fall under 48 families and 111 genera,among which 52 species had a relative abundance above 1%and were considered the main weeds for the region.Ten species possessed a relative abundance ranging from 5%to 10%,making them the dominant weeds in the area.Seven weed species,namely Alternanthera sessilis,Digitaria sanguinalis,Cyperus rotundus,Bidens pilosa,Ageratum conyzoides,Eleusine indica,and Paspalum conjugatum,had a relative abundance exceeding 10%and were the primary dominant weed in the citrus orchards.Four types of weed control methods were implemented in this region,including herbicide application,a combination of herbicide spraying and mechanical mowing,mechanical mowing,and ecological weed management.The weed control methods of“mulching on the ridge with a large wheeled mower between ridges”and“mulching on the ridge/maintaining natural grass and mowing by tracked mower between ridges with fungicide fertilization”proved to be eco-friendly and efficient,and ought to be promoted.The research findings provide an important reference for weed control in the local area.

关 键 词：柑橘园 杂草种群 除草剂 机械除草 生态防草 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]