有毒杂草群心菜形态特征研究及入侵风险分析  

Morphological characterization and invasion risk analysis of Lepidium draba L.

作　　者：敖苏 苏凡[4] 虞赟 袁洋 叶维雁 吴海荣 朱朝华 Ao Su;Su Fan;Yu Yun;Yuan Yang;Ye Weiyan;Wu Hairong;Zhu Chaohua(Haikou Customs Tropical Plants Isolation and Quarantine Center,Haikou Hainan 570311,China;Hainan Province Engineering Research Center for Quarantine Prevention and Control of Exotic Pests,Haikou Hainan 570311,China;College of Plant Protection,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570288,China;Spice and Beverage Research Institute,CATAS,Wanning Hainan 571533,China;Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs,Fuzhou Fujian 350001,China;Tongren Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Center,Tongren Guizhou 554300,China;Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning Guangxi 530001,China;Guangzhou Customs Technology Center,Guangzhou Guangdong 510623,China)

机构地区：[1]海口海关热带植物隔离检疫中心,海南海口570311 [2]海南省外来有害生物预警与检疫防控工程技术研究中心,海南海口570311 [3]海南大学植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [4]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁571533 [5]福州海关技术中心,福建福州350001 [6]贵州省铜仁市农业科技园区管理中心,贵州铜仁554300 [7]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [8]广州海关技术中心,广东广州510623

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2023年第11期92-98,共7页China Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2600600);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021016);海南省自然科学基金(321RC666);广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380076);南宁市重点研发计划(20172011-2);南宁市重大科技专项(20162008)。

摘　　要：比较有毒杂草群心菜(Lepidium draba L.)与其近似种毛果群心菜(Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz)、球果群心菜(Lepidium chalepensis L.)的形态特征,并根据入侵物种安全性定量评估指标体系和评价方法建立了群心菜半定量风险评估技术体系,基于体系内一级指标——国内分布情况、潜在危害性、受害寄主的经济重要性、传入可能性和风险管理难度进行了半定量风险分析。结果表明,群心菜植株、短角果和种子在形态上与两个近似种存在差别,对植株可通过叶片形态和花序来区别,对角果可通过形状、是否有柔毛和龙骨状脊来区别,对种子可通过形状、大小、表面纹理、种脐和横截面来区别。群心菜的综合风险评估值R=2.51,属于特别危险的物种,入侵风险极高,建议将该杂草尽快列入我国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录中,并加强口岸相关的检疫工作。In this study,we compared the identification characteristics of Lepidium draba L.with Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz and Lepidium chalepensis L..According to the quantitative evaluation index system and evaluation method of the safety of invasive species,the semi-quantitative risk assessment technical system of L.draba was established.The first-level indicators used were domestic distribution,potential harm,economic importance to the host,likelihood of introduction,and difficulty of risk management.Comparing the morphological characteristics of L.draba and its similar species showed differences in the morphology of plants,silicles,and seeds of L.draba from those of L.appelianum and L.chalepensis.Leaf morphology and inflorescence could be used to distinguish the three plants.The distinguishing features of hornfruit can be identified by shape,pilose,and keeled ridge.Seeds can be differentiated by their shape,size,surface texture,hilum,and cross-section.The R-value for L.draba is 2.51,indicating a highly invasive and dangerous species.Currently,L.draba is not included in the list of entry plant quarantine pests of the People’s Republic of China,but it is recommended that this weed be added to the list as soon as possible to strengthen the port quarantine measures.

关 键 词：群心菜 形态特征 风险分析 

分 类 号：S41-30[农业科学—植物保护] S45