治疗性肿瘤疫苗:过去、现在和未来  

Therapeutic Tumor Vaccines:Past,Present and Future

作　　者：魏建磊 张涛[1] 张鹏霞[1] WEI Jian-Lei;ZHANG Tao;ZHANG Peng-Xia(Department of Immunology,School of Basic Medicine,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学基础医学院免疫学教研室,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第10期1383-1391,共9页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21777060);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(No.LH2022H090);佳木斯大学生物学学科团队(No.jdxktd-2019003)资助。

摘　　要：肿瘤是机体在各种致瘤因素的作用下,局部细胞在基因水平上对其生长的调控失去控制,导致细胞异常增生而形成的新生物。根据肿瘤生物学特性及其对机体危害程度的不同,可将其分为良性和恶性肿瘤两大类。在中国,恶性肿瘤是导致患者死亡的主要原因之一,其发病率和死亡率不断攀升,成为非常严重的公共健康问题。肿瘤疫苗是一种利用肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原激活机体特异性免疫应答,以杀伤肿瘤细胞的免疫干预策略,是肿瘤免疫治疗研究的热点之一。在过去的几十年里,随着基因技术的不断发展,肿瘤疫苗的研发取得了极大的进步。肿瘤疫苗在实体瘤的临床前研究及其相关试验中均显示出巨大的潜力,有望进一步提高患者的总生存期。根据作用目的,肿瘤疫苗可分为预防性肿瘤疫苗和治疗性肿瘤疫苗;根据作用机制,肿瘤疫苗又可分为细胞疫苗、蛋白质/合成肽疫苗、核酸疫苗等。目前,免疫检查点抑制剂、过继性细胞治疗和基于纳米材料的免疫疗法均在肿瘤治疗中显示出较好的疗效,肿瘤疫苗同其它免疫疗法的联合应用有可能成为肿瘤治疗领域的未来方向。然而,肿瘤疫苗的发展历经重重困难,但也积累了宝贵的临床研发经验。本文主要就不同类型治疗性肿瘤疫苗的起源、类型、作用机制及其优势与局限性展开论述,以期为今后肿瘤疫苗的研究工作提供帮助。Tumor is a neoplasm due to abnormal cell proliferation under various tumorigenic factors.According to its biological characteristics and the degree of harm to the body,it is generally divided into benign and malignant types.In China,malignant tumor is one of the main causes of patient deaths,and its morbidity and mortality are constantly rising,which has become a very serious public health problem.Tumor vaccine is an immune intervention strategy that uses tumor-specific antigens or tumor-associated antigens to stimulate specific immune response to kill tumor cells.It is one of the hot topics in tumor immunotherapy research.In the past few decades,with the continuous development of genetic technology,the development of tumor vaccines has made great progress.Tumor vaccines have shown great potentials in preclinical studies and related trials on solid tumors andare expected to further improve the overall survival of patients.Tumor vaccine can be divided into preventive and therapeutic types.According to the underlying mechanism,tumor vaccines can be divided into cell vaccines,protein/synthetic peptide vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,etc.At present,immuno-checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell therapy and nanomaterial-based immunotherapy have shown good efficacy in the treatment of cancer,and the combination of tumor vaccines and other immunotherapies may become the future direction in the field of cancer therapy.However,the development of tumor vaccines has experienced many difficulties.It also has accumulated valuable clinical research and development experiences.In this review,we mainly discuss the origin,type,mechanism,advantages and limitations of different types of therapeutic tumor vaccines,in order to provide a reference for the research in the future.

关 键 词：肿瘤疫苗 肿瘤抗原 新抗原 免疫疗法 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]