基于纳米酶的无抗生素抗菌策略  

Antibiotic-free Antimicrobial Strategies Based on Nanozymes

作　　者：罗成[1] 李相龙 李艳[1] LUO Cheng;LI Xiang-Long;LI Yan(Department of Medical Biochemistry,School of Medicine,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院医学院医学生化教研室,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第10期1415-1426,共12页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31600817,No.51763024);江西省自然科学基金(No.20202BAB214027);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(No.GJJ211633)资助。

摘　　要：抗生素是抵抗细菌感染的有力武器,然而抗生素的过量使用和滥用加速了细菌耐药性的发展,严重威胁人类健康。开发高效和广谱的无抗生素抗菌策略迫在眉睫。以过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))为代表的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)能氧化多种生物分子,使其结构和活性改变而发挥广谱抗菌作用,是无抗生素抗菌策略之一。然而,临床常用的H_(2)O_(2)浓度较高(0.5%~3%),会刺激皮肤和延缓伤口愈合。利用过氧化物酶催化H_(2)O_(2)生成氧化性更强的羟自由基(·OH),可大幅提高ROS抗菌策略的性能。然而,天然酶生产成本高、稳定性低等缺点限制了该策略的推广。纳米酶是具有类似天然酶催化活性的纳米材料的统称。与天然酶相比,纳米酶具有制备简单、成本低和易储存等优势,是开发基于ROS的无抗生素抗菌策略的良好选择。贵金属、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属有机框架、碳基纳米材料等多种纳米材料具有过氧化物酶、氧化酶等的模拟催化活性,基于这些材料的纳米酶抗菌研究层出不穷,本文将对这些研究进行归纳和介绍,并对纳米酶抗菌应用研究中存在的问题进行讨论。Antibiotics are powerful weapons against bacterial infection.However,the overuse and abuse of antibiotics accelerate the development of bacterial resistance,which is becoming an increasingly serious threat to human health.It is imperative to develop an effective and broad-spectrum antibacterial strategy without antibiotics.One of the antibiotic-free antibacterial strategies is based on reactive oxygen species(ROS),which oxidizes biomolecules leading to destruction of structures and activities.Among them,hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is commonly used as disinfectant in clinic.However,the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)commonly used in clinic is rather high(0.5%-3%),which irritates skin and delays wound healing.Converting H_(2)O_(2)to hydroxyl radical(·OH)with greater oxidative ability by peroxidase will greatly improve the performance of ROS based antibiotic-free antibacterial strategies.However,high production cost and low stability of natural enzymes limit the applications of this strategy.Nanozyme is a general term for nanomaterials with catalytic activities similar to natural enzymes.Comparing with natural enzymes,nanozyme has the advantages such as simple preparation,low cost and easy storage,which makes nanozyme an outstanding choice for ROS-based antibiotic-free antibacterial strategies.A variety of nanomaterials,such as noble metals,metal oxides,metal sulfides,metal-organic frameworks and carbon-based nanomaterials,possess catalytic activities similar to natural peroxidase,oxidase and so on.Antibacterial researches on these nanozymes emerge in an endless stream.This paper will summarize these researches,and discuss the problems faced by the nanozyme antibacterial research.

关 键 词：纳米酶 过氧化物酶 过氧化氢 抗菌 无抗生素 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]