数字技术下涉罪未成年人社区矫正的去标签化  

De-labelling of Community Corrections for Minors Involved in Crime in Digital Technology

作　　者：李林 Li Lin

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京大学犯罪预防与控制研究所

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第6期41-51,共11页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：2018年度国家重点研发计划资助项目“假释、暂予监外执行、刑释人员犯罪预防支撑技术与装备研究”(项目编号:2018YFC0831100)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：标签理论为社区矫正机构的干预作用提供了有力证明。按照该理论,我国《社区矫正法》中的保密条款,意在通过去标签化的方式,防止未成年人犯罪身份的不当“关联”与“扩散”。传统矫正模式下,基于执行的“接触性”弊端,保密条款在监督管理、教育矫正及帮困扶助三项任务中无法有效开展。虽然数字技术的应用补了这一缺陷,但又显露出新的隐忧——“智慧矫正”平台中的信息安全问题。为更好帮扶涉罪未成年人重返社会,在标签生成阶段,应以场景化公正理论为基准,采集平台中未成年社区矫正对象的信息;在标签流动阶段,需以个案请求与常态传输两种类型作为考量基础,选择性适用去身份标识;在标签封存阶段,坚持遗忘优先,兼顾再犯预防规则,以达到数据信息标签“遗忘”与“保留”的平衡。The use of labeling theory provides strong evidence for the role of community correctional institutions.According to this theory,the confidentiality provisions in China's Community Correction Law aim to prevent the inappropriate"association"and"diffusion"of juvenile criminal identities through de-labeling.In traditional correctional models,the shortcomings of"contact-based"execution hinder the effective implementation of confidentiality provisions in the three tasks of supervision and management,educational correction,and assistance for the needy.Although the application of digital technology fills this gap,it also reveals new concerns about information security in"smart correction"platforms.To better assist juvenile offenders in reintegrating into society,the generation of labels should be based on the theory of contextual justice,collecting information of juvenile community correctional subjects in the platform.In the flow of labels,the consideration should be based on the types of individual case requests and regular transmission,selectively applying de-identification.In the sealing stage of labels,the rule of prioritizing forgetting and balancing recidivism prevention should be adhered to in order to achieve a balance of"forgetting"and"retaining"data information labels.

关 键 词：去标签化 个人信息 犯罪记录封存 智慧矫正 

分 类 号：D926.8[政治法律—法学] D922.183