犯罪附随后果的适用原则与类型配置路径  

The Applicable Principles and Type Allocation Paths of Criminal Consequences

作　　者：安文圣 An Wensheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第6期65-77,共13页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：最高人民法院2022年度司法研究重大课题犯罪附随后果:规范基础、配置原则与治理效能最大化(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202210-03)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：犯罪附随后果作为保安处分的一种隔离性措施,承担起了犯罪结构转变背景下特殊预防的功能,其主要通过对受到刑事处罚的行为人实行职业禁止、职位禁止、资格禁止以及权益禁止等类型的社会隔离手段,防止犯罪人复归社会后再次走上犯罪之路。犯罪附随后果的设置在立法之初便存在类型化配置不足、比例原则适用不规范等问题,进而导致了法律区分犯罪类型的设定不足、犯罪附随后果的期限设定显失均衡、牵连现象违反责任自负原则等问题。因此,首先应当明确犯罪附随后果的类型,同时对犯罪类型和犯罪性质进行区分,将犯罪类型和犯罪性质与犯罪附随后果中的具体类型相联结;其次应当严格遵循比例原则及其三个子原则;最后,在比例原则的统摄之下,明确三个子原则在犯罪附随后果类型中不同的侧重方向。As an isolated measure of security measures,the consequences of criminal offenses play a special preventive role in the context of the transformation of criminal structures.They mainly use social isolation measures such as occupational prohibition,job prohibition,qualification prohibition,and rights prohibition to prevent criminals from returning to society and embarking on the path of crime again.At the beginning of legislation,there were problems with insufficient typological allocation and non-standard application of the setting of criminal consequences,which led to insufficient legal differentiation of crime types,balanced setting of the time limit for criminal consequences,and violations of the principle of self responsibility in the phenomenon of involvement.Therefore,first of all,it is necessary to clarify the types of criminal consequences that accompany crimes,while distinguishing between the types and nature of crimes,and linking them with specific types of criminal consequences that accompany crimes;Secondly,strictly adhere to the principle of proportionality and its three sub principles;Finally,under the guidance of the principle of proportionality,clarify the different emphasis directions of the three sub principles in the types of criminal consequences.

关 键 词：犯罪附随后果 职业禁止 职位禁止 资格禁止 权益禁止 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]