利用固废改良贫瘠黄土的地球化学工程盆栽试验  

Pot experiment of geochemical engineering for improving barren loess with solid waste

作　　者：靳职斌 闫彤彤 张双奎[1] 康云鹏 谢国梁 JIN Zhibin;YAN Tongtong;ZHANG Shuangkui;KANG Yunpeng;XIE Guoliang(Shanxi Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Institude Co.Ltd.,Yuncheng Shanxi 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省地球物理化学勘查院有限公司,运城山西044000

出　　处：《华北地质》2023年第4期55-60,共6页North China Geology

基　　金：山西省地质勘查局2020科技创新项目“利用工业及生活固废开发人工土壤的地球化学工程试验”(晋地矿发[2020]25号)。

摘　　要：黄土高原以马兰组为主体的风积黄土矿物组分单一,以石英和长石为主,缺乏蓄水性矿物和释放养分的暗色矿物,使土壤失去了肥力基础。这种先天性的缺陷是造成黄土地贫瘠的地质根源,也是自然状态的黄土地貌区不能支撑高密集植被和高大乔木类植物生长,最终造成黄土高原水土流失严重的根本原因。本文利用建筑垃圾、煤矸石、铝矿渣、铜尾矿等固废富含Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mo、B、Mg、S等元素的地球化学特征及含有丰富云母、角闪石、辉石、蛭石等矿物的特点,制作成固废粉与风积黄土配比成人工土壤进行了盆栽试验,分析了固废粉在提高黄土养分和保水抗旱功能方面的能力。按照[原黄土]/[固废粉]=0/10;1/9;3/7;5/5;8/2;10/0的六组不同比例分别对小麦和白菜进行盆栽试验,结果表明黄土中加入固废粉后对提高植物生长能力、抗旱能力有明显作用,[原黄土]/[固废粉]=8/2为最优比例。Aeolian loess on the Loess Plateau in China are dominated by the Malan formation,with single components as quartz and felddrite mainly,and lack of water storage minerals and dark minerals that release and supply nutrients,which makes the soil lose the foundation of fertility.This is the congenital defect of the geological root cause of the barren loess,and also the fundamental reason that the natural loess landform area can't support the growth of high-dense vegetation and tall trees,and make the resulting of serious soil erosion.The pot experiment based on the geochemical characteristics of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Mo,B,Mg,S which are riched in construction wastes,coal gangue,aluminum slag,copper tailings and other solid wastes and the characteristics of riching in mica,amphibole,pyroxene,vermiculite and other minerals.The pot experiment made these solid wastes into powder and mixed with aeolian loess to make artificial soil,and analyzed the ability of solid wastes powder to improve the loess nutrient and water retention and drought resistance of loess.Six groups were set up in the pot experiment with the ratio of[original loess]/[solid wastes powder]=0/10,1/9,3/7,5/5,8/2,10/0.And cabbage and wheat were selected as the test subjects.It showed that the solid wastes powder added to barren loess could obviously improve the growth ability and drought resistance of plants,and the best ratio was[original loess]/[solid wastes powder]=8/2.

关 键 词：固废 贫瘠黄土 地球化学工程 盆栽试验 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] S153.6[天文地球—地质学]