“耳目”与“喉舌”之间:中国近代报刊功能嬗变的历史进路与逻辑理路  

Between Ermu and Houshe:The Historical Process,and Logical Approach to the Functional Evolution of Chinese Modern Newspapers and Periodicals

作　　者：余玉[1] 吴琴 Yu Yu;Wu Qin

机构地区：[1]南昌大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2023年第11期91-107,128,共18页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“百年中国新闻传播史著作整理及书写创新研究”(项目编号:22&ZD321)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近代报刊“耳目喉舌”功能在早期国人译报实践中萌芽,在国人自办报刊中历经“耳目”与“喉舌”之间的“统一——偏移——强化——统一”的循环过程,从而在近代报刊实践史上呈现出独特的嬗变轨迹。具体而言,报刊“耳目喉舌”功能孕育于早期国人报刊实践,戊戌变法时期梁启超辩证地提出报刊“耳目喉舌”论并逐渐向“喉舌”功能偏移,清末革命派报刊不断强化“喉舌”而轻“耳目”功能,民初随着新闻业从“政论本位”向“新闻本位”转向,报刊“耳目”功能重新得到重视,并逐渐向“耳目喉舌”功能回归。在报刊实践语境中辩证考察近代报刊“耳目”与“喉舌”功能的关系,探寻其独特演进轨迹和在不同历史时期畸轻畸重的现实表征,对当下新闻业有效发挥其功能具有参考意义。The function of ermuhoushe,meaning ear,eye,throat,and tongue,of modern newspapers and periodicals sprouted in the practice of translating newspapers and periodicals in the early days of Chinese journalism.Between ermu and houshe,they have experienced a circular process of unificationdeviation-reinforcement-unification.This thus shows a unique evolutionary trajectory in the history of modern newspaper and periodical practice.Liang Qichao dialectically put forward the theory of ermushoushe during the Reform Movement of 1898.He later gradually shifted his emphasis to houshe.The revolutionary newspapers and periodicals in late Qing Dynasty continued to strengthen this function.In the early years of the Republic of China,as journalism shifted from politics-oriented to journalism-oriented,the function of ermu was emphasized.Journalism gradually returned to the functions of ermuhoushe.This paper dialectically examines the relationship between the functions of ermu and houshe in modern newspapers in the context of news practice.It explores its unique evolution and realistic representations in different historical periods.This can be a valuable reference for the effective functioning of journalism in the present.

关 键 词：近代报刊 “耳目喉舌” 历史进路 逻辑理路 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] G219.29[历史地理—中国史]