我国立法权的内在构成及其配置原理的完善  

Improvement of the Internal Composition and Allocation Principle of Legislative Power in China

作　　者：杨登峰 Yang Dengfeng

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2023年第6期162-181,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“新时代中国改革创新试验的法治问题研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA134)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国地方先行立法的权限难以界定。解决这个问题,需厘清我国立法权所包含的形式采用权、事务管辖权和规则设定权三个成分及其关系。目前,立法权的配置单纯依据法的形式与位阶,忽视了“事务的性质决定处理事务的方法”的基本规律,导致地方立法能力与任务不匹配。立足于立法权三个构成之间的内在关系,不仅应根据法的位阶配置事务管辖权,更应按事务的性质配置规则设定权,从而从权力层级配给制走向事务性质配给制,使地方立法的规则设定权与事务管辖权相适应。事务性质配给制仍应受事务权限、法律位阶、法律保留、备案审查等制度约束。在它们的节制下,地方立法不当行使规则设定权的风险小且可控。即便如此,为稳妥起见,向事务性质配给制转换仍须分授权和修法两步走。基于此,地方先行立法时应同时行使上位法的事务管辖权与规则设定权,且后者须根据前者来确定。The authority of local prior legislation in our country is difficult to define.The root of the problem lies in the fact that the allocation of the entire legislative power is not distinguished,thus confusing the power of form adoption,the jurisdiction of affairs and the power of norm-setting,and the form and the level of law are taken as the only basis for the allocation,ignoring the basic law that‘the nature of legislative affairs determines the method of dealing with affairs'.According to the inherent law of the legislative power,it is not only necessary to allocate the jurisdiction of the affairs according to the rank of the law,but also to allocate the power of norm setting according to the nature of the legislative affairs.Therefore,on the basis of the rank of law,the nature of affairs is taken as an important basis for the allocation of legislative power.The adoption of the criterion of the nature of affairs does not mean giving up the principle of legal reservation,and the transformation of the allocation of legislative power based on the nature of affairs can be carried out in two steps:authorization and amendment.The local prior legislation should subrogate the jurisdiction and norm-setting power of higher-level law,and the definition of local legislative authority should be based on the jurisdiction of affairs and the power of norm-setting should be determined on the basis of specific legislative affairs.

关 键 词：地方先行立法 立法权配置 权力层级配给制 事务性质配给制 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学] D921