宝鸡市北部山区春玉米施肥效果研究  

Fertilization Effect of Spring Maize in Northern Mountainous Area of Baoji

作　　者：刘瑞[1] 张笑[1] 强红妮[1] 刘炜[1] 李翊阁[1] 王聪 LIU Rui;ZHANG Xiao;QIANG Hongni;LIU Wei;LI Yige;WANG Cong(Baoji Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Baoji,Shaanxi 721001,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省宝鸡市农业技术推广服务中心,陕西宝鸡721001

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第12期70-72,78,共4页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为进一步推广配方肥及缓控释肥料在春玉米主产区的应用,探究春玉米化肥减量增效的施肥方案。分别在宝鸡市北部山区千阳、陇县、麟游三县区设置试验点,每个试验点依次设4个处理:25(N)-10(P 2O 5)-5(K 2O)配方肥40 kg/667 m^(2)和50 kg/667 m^(2)、28(N)-16(P 2O 5)-6(K 2O)40 kg/667 m^(2)和27(N)-13(P 2O 5)-6(K 2O)缓控释配方肥40 kg/667 m^(2),各处理肥料均作为底肥一次施入。收获后考种,测定株高、穗长、穗位高、穗粒数、百粒重及籽粒含水量,按14%的自然含水量计算出籽率,折算成667 m^(2)产量。运用excel进行双因素无重复方差分析,LSD法进行多重比较。结果表明,千阳、麟游两个试验点处理4产量最高,陇县试验点处理3产量最高,但与处理4差异不显著。三个试验点不同处理667 m^(2)纯收益处理4最高,为1430.89元/667 m^(2),处理1最低,为1286.98元/667 m^(2)。处理4相对处理1的新增投入产出比最高,为1:8.21。施用缓控释肥料可以提高春玉米产量及收益,27(N)-13(P_(2)O_(5))-6(K_(2)O)缓控释配方肥40 kg/667 m^(2)或相近的施肥方案较为适合在宝鸡北部山区县推广。To further promote the application of formula fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer in main spring maize production region and explore the fertilization scheme for reducing the amount of fertilizer while increasing the efficiency of fertilizer for spring maize,we selected Qianyang,Longxian and Linyou,located in northern mountain area of Baoji as experimental sites.For each experimental site,we set up four treatments as follows:1.Formula fertilizer with 25(N)-10(P_(2)O_(5))-5(K_(2)O)at a rate of 40 kg/667 m^(2);2.Formula fertilizer with 25(N)-10(P_(2)O_(5))-5(K_(2)O)at a rate of 50 kg/667 m^(2);3.Formula fertilizer with 28(N)-16(P_(2)O_(5))-6(K_(2)O)at a rate of 40 kg/667 m^(2);4.Slow/controlled release fertilizer with 27(N)-13(P_(2)O_(5))-6(K_(2)O)at a rate of 40 kg/667 m^(2),which was used as the base fertilizer.After harvesting,their plant height,ear length,ear height,grain number per ear,100-grain weight,grain water content were measured,and then,the yield was calculated based on 14%water content.A two-factor non-repeated analysis of variance was conducted and and LSD multiple comparison was performed using excel.The results showed that treatment 4 in Qianyang and Linyou had the highest yield,whereas in Longxian,treatment 3 had the highest yield,although it did not significantly differ from treatment 4.Treatment 4 yielded the highest net income,reaching1430.89 yuan/667 m^(2),while treatment 1 yielded the lowest net income at 1286.98 yuan per 667m^(2).The new input-output ratio(1:8.21)for treatment 4 was found to be the highest compared with treatment 1.In conclusion,the use of slow/controlled release fertilizer can enhance the yield and income of spring maize.A slow/controlled-release formula fertilizer with a composition of 27%nitrogen(N),13%phosphorus pentoxide(P 2O 5),and 6%potassium oxide(K_(2)O),applied at a rate of 40 kg per 667 m^(2),or a similar fertilization scheme,is better suited for cultivation in the northern mountainous region of Baoji.

关 键 词：宝鸡市 北部山区 春玉米 肥效试验 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]