公路隧道火灾预警及烟雾防控与安全疏散研究与展望  

Study on and Outlook of Highway Tunnel Fire Warning,Smoke Control and Safe Evacuation

作　　者：魏新江[1,2] 李帅 杜世明 赵军 夏立锋 韩同春 WEI Xinjiang;LI Shuai;DU Shiming;ZHAO Jun;XIA Lifeng;HAN Tongchun(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;Department of Civil Engineering,Zhejiang University City College,Hangzhou 310015;Ningbo Shuntong Group Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315402;Yuyao Transportation Engineering Consulting and Supervision Co.,Ltd.,Yuyao 315499)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,杭州310058 [2]浙大城市学院土木工程系,杭州310015 [3]宁波舜通集团有限公司,宁波315402 [4]余姚市交通工程咨询监理有限公司,余姚315499

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2023年第6期100-110,共11页Modern Tunnelling Technology

摘　　要：公路隧道由于自身结构狭长、密闭、内部交通环境复杂等特点,使得发生火灾时火势极易蔓延并产生高温有毒烟雾,对被困人员造成严重的生命安全和财产威胁。对隧道火灾探测、火灾发展、火灾烟雾控制以及隧道发生火灾时人员安全疏散等方面的研究现状进行阐述,具体包括火灾探测系统的优化更新,隧道火灾烟雾远近场分界点、火灾烟雾回流层长度和烟雾层厚度等关键参数的确定,以及隧道火灾人员安全疏散的影响因素和提高安全疏散效率的方法。建议深入研究集成式火灾视频图像探测技术(VID),更新迭代智能化通风控制系统,并利用VR训练系统提升隧道管理人员的应急指挥能力,提高隧道火灾安全疏散效率。Given the characteristics of highway tunnels such as long structure,closed space and complex internal traffic environment,fire in such tunnels can easily spread and generate hot toxic fire and smoke,thus imposing se⁃vere threat to the life safety and properties of trapped personnel.This paper gives an account of the current research efforts in the areas including fire detection,fire development,fire and smoke control and safe evacuation of personnel in case of tunnel fire.Such research includes optimization and upgrading of fire detection system,determination of the key parameters such as demarcation point between far field and near field of tunnel fire smoke,length of the fire smoke backflow layer and thickness of smoke layer,the factors that affect safe evacuation of personnel in case of tunnel fire and the methods for improving safe evacuation efficiency.It is recommended to intensively investigate integrated fire video image detection(VID)technology,upgrade the intelligent ventilation control system,and use the VR training system to enhance the emergency response capability of tunnel management personnel and increase the safe evacua⁃tion efficiency during tunnel fire.

关 键 词：公路隧道 火灾识别 火灾烟雾控制 安全疏散 

分 类 号：U458.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]