油气井井喷失控着火应急救援技术及发展方向  

Technologies of emergency rescue from blowout out of control and fire burning in oil and gas wells and their future

作　　者：胡旭光[1,2,3] 李黔 罗园[2,3] 徐勇军 庞平 刘贵义 罗卫华 HU Xuguang;LI Qian;LUO Yuan;XU Yongjun;PANG Ping;LIU Guiyi;LUO Weihua(College of Petroleum Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Well Control Emergency Rescue Response Center,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Guanghan,Sichuan 618300,China;National Oil and Gas Field Rescue Base of Guanghan,Guanghan,Sichuan 618300,China;CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,四川成都610500 [2]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司井控应急救援响应中心,四川广汉618300 [3]国家油气田救援广汉基地,四川广汉618300 [4]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司,四川成都610051

出　　处：《天然气技术与经济》2023年第6期29-33,共5页Natural Gas Technology and Economy

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“陆上井控应急关键装备与配套技术研究”(编号:2021ZZ03)。

摘　　要：井喷失控是石油天然气工业领域性质严重、损失巨大的灾难性事故,尤其是“三高井”井喷失控着火后,井口火势大、热辐射高、流体冲击强,对抢险技术、装备及作业安全的要求极高,导致处置过程极其复杂、周期极其漫长。为了充分认识“三高井”井喷失控着火后的处置难点,以井喷失控着火应急救援技术与装备为研究对象,分析了技术发展历程、技术现状、发展方向,创新研究形成了从险情侦察、冷却掩护、清障切割到井口重置的全系列陆上井喷应急救援特色技术。研究结果表明:(1)我国井喷失控着火应急救援技术目前已完成由早期缺少专业技术与装备向近井口高危区域无人化迭代升级;(2)形成的险情侦察技术、冷却掩护技术、清障切割技术、井口重置技术能够满足105 MPa、1000×10^(4)m^(3)/d的高压高产井失控抢险需要;(3)运用相关研究成果成功处置了国内外多起井喷失控、着火及井口刺漏等井控险情,技术能力达到国际先进水平。结论认为:虽然国内陆上油气井井喷失控着火应急救援技术水平已得到大幅度提升,但未来仍需要在可视化、智能化、信息化方面持续攻关,推动技术与装备迈上新台阶。Such blowout out of control is a disastrous accident of serious nature and heavy loss in petroleum domain.Especially,when a"three-high"well(high pressure,high production rate and high sulfur content)is on fire due to blowout out of control,intense flame at wellhead,and strong heat radiation and fluid shock require rescue technologies and equipment together with job safety to reach the highest level,resulting in a complex and endless disposal process.So,some rescue skills from blowout out of control and fire burning were analyzed in terms of their development history,status and direction in order to sufficiently figure out disposal difficulties in this sort of"three-high"wells.In addition,a full set of technological innovations on rescue from onshore blowout was made from aspects of reconnaissance,cooling shield,and cleaning-out&cutting to wellhead resetting.Results show that(i)domestic emergency rescue technologies have been iteratively upgraded to the unmanned operation in high-risk areas near wellhead from the insufficient professional skill and equipment in the early stage;(ii)the innovations can meet the demand of out-of-control rescue wells with high pressure of 105 MPa and production of 1,000×10^(4)m^(3)/d,respectively;and(iii)numerous well-control accidents at home and abroad,such as blowout out of control,fire burning and wellhead leakage,have been successively disposed by virtue of these technologies which have attained to an international advanced level.In conclusion,domestic rescue technologies from blowout out of control and fire burning in onshore wells have been improved a lot.However,it is essential to tackle on their visualization,intelligence and information in the future,and to push them to a new step.

关 键 词：井喷失控 灾难性事故 “三高井” 全过程带火作业 国际先进 

分 类 号：TE28[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]