棉花现代品种资源产量与纤维品质性状鉴定及分子标记评价  

Identification for yield and fiber quality traits and evaluation of molecular markers in modern cotton varieties

作　　者：柯会锋 苏红梅 孙正文 谷淇深 杨君[1] 王国宁[1] 徐东永 王洪这 吴立强[1] 张艳[1] 张桂寅[1] 马峙英[1] 王省芬[1] KE Hui-Feng;SU Hong-Mei;SUN Zheng-Wen;GU Qi-Shen;YANG Jun;WANG Guo-Ning;XU Dong-Yong;WANG Hong-Zhe;WU Li-Qiang;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Gui-Yin;MA Zhi-Ying;WANG Xing-Fen(State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Hejian Guoxin Rural Technical Service Association,Hejian 062450,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物种质资源实验室/华北作物种质资源研究与利用教育部重点实验室/河北农业大学,河北保定071001 [2]河间市国欣农村技术服务总会,河北河间062450

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第2期280-293,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204205);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326314D);河北省高端人才支持计划项目(031601801)资助。

摘　　要：棉花是重要经济作物和天然纺织工业原料。品种是棉花生产的限制性源头,取决于优异种质资源的鉴定、评价和有效利用。鉴于此,本研究以我国三大棉区(黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区和西北内陆棉区) 141份陆地棉现代品种资源为材料,在不同环境条件鉴定其9个产量与纤维品质性状,并结合KASP和SSR标记对其进行遗传多样性评价。结果发现,长江流域棉区品种的衣分和衣指最高,黄河流域棉区品种的单铃重和子指最大,西北内陆棉区品种的纤维品质最优;同时发现,4个产量性状与5个纤维品质性状在供试品种间存在极显著差异,产量性状以衣指的变异系数最大(10.09%),品质性状以断裂比强度的变异系数最大(8.81%),说明存在较大选择潜力。依据9个性状进行聚类分析,可将141份品种资源分为2类,且类别间的产量与品质性状存在差异。分子标记检测发现, 30对SSR引物在141份品种资源中扩增出74个多态性条带,32个KASP标记在供试品种中分型清晰,依据标记计算品种的遗传相似系数均值为0.62,说明存在较丰富遗传变异;分子标记聚类分析将供试品种分为2类,且分类结果与表型性状分类结果有一定相似性。本研究共筛选出3份大铃(>7 g)优异种质、24份高衣分(>42%)种质、6份纤维长度和断裂比强度>30的种质以及2份综合性状优异种质,为棉花新品种培育提供了优异亲本资源,为深入利用棉花品种资源提供了依据。Cotton is an important cash crop and natural raw material for the textile industry.Cultivar is a major restrictive factor for cotton production,which depends on the identification,evaluation,and effective utilization of elite germplasms.In view of this,141 modern cotton cultivars derived from the three major cotton-growing regions(the Yellow River valley,the Yangtze River valley,and the Northwest Inland cotton-growing areas)in China were used in the present study,and four yield and five fiber quality traits of these varieties were evaluated under different environments.The genetic diversity of these varieties based on KASP and SSR markers was also analyzed.The results showed that the varieties from the Yangtze River valley presented the highest lint percentage and lint index,the varieties from the Yellow River valley displayed the highest boll weight and seed index,while the varieties from the Northwest Inland cotton-growing areas possessed the best fiber quality traits.The analysis of variance showed that the yield and fiber quality traits were significant different among cotton varieties.The coefficient of variation(CV)of lint index was the largest(10.09%)in the yield traits while the CV of fiber strength was the largest(8.81%)in the fiber quality traits,indicating a great improvement potential in these two traits.The clustering result based on phenotypic traits showed that 141 varieties were divided into two groups with different yield and fiber quality traits.Meanwhile,a total of 74 polymorphic binds were amplified by 30 pairs of SSR primers,and 32 KASP markers were clearly classified among the tested varieties.Based on SSR and KASP markers,the average value of genetic similarity coefficient was 0.62,indicating a high genetic diversity in these cotton varieties.The clustering results based on molecular markers showed that 141 varieties were also divided into two groups,which indicating some consistent with the cluster result based on phenotypic traits.Moreover,three elite germplasms with high boll weight(>7 g

关 键 词：棉花 种质资源 产量和纤维品质 分子标记 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]