棉属人工异源四倍体后代性状鉴定及花器转录组学分析  

Character identification and floral organ transcriptome analysis on artificial allotetraploids of Gossypium hirsutum L.

作　　者：陈天 李昱樱 荣二花[1] 吴玉香[1] CHEN Tian;LI Yu-Ying;RONG Er-Hua;WU Yu-Xiang(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第2期325-339,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(自由探索类)(20210302124154)资助。

摘　　要：实验室前期通过远缘杂交及加倍人工合成草棉与雷蒙德氏棉异源四倍体,旨在拓宽棉花遗传背景,为棉花种质创新提供新材料。本试验以人工异源四倍体3个世代为材料,将其与亲本及陆地棉标准系TM-1进行纤维性状、生理生化比较、SSR标记鉴定以及花器转录组学分析。结果表明,人工异源四倍体纤维颜色介于亲本之间,呈浅黄色,纤维长度与TM-1接近。人工异源四倍体的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著高于亲本和TM-1,表明人工异源四倍体经过远缘杂交及加倍后,抗逆性得到加强。选取11对SSR引物在材料中共检测到55个多态性位点,每对引物变异位点为2~10个,平均为5个;多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.498~0.892,平均为0.742;表明SSR标记在试验材料中表现出丰富的遗传多样性。S_(2)、S_(3)、S_(4)同时扩增出亲本互补条带和特异性条带,表明该异源四倍体在分子水平上出现了染色体片段的重组。S_(2)、S_(3)、S_(4)与TM-1相同的条带分别是37条、19条、20条,其中17条是各世代与TM-1共有,表明人工异源四倍体与TM-1有相同的遗传背景。花器转录组学结果表明,人工异源四倍体与TM-1中有5653个DEGs,其中3062个上调, 2591个下调。GO功能分析表明, DEGs在光合作用、光系统II、RNA指导的DNA聚合酶活性等途径差异显著。KEGG富集分析表明, DEGs在光合作用-天线蛋白、光合作用和异黄酮的生物合成等相关代谢通路较为活跃。通过富集分析筛选人工异源四倍体与TM-1中与育性相关的DEGs发现,人工异源四倍体在花粉发育与识别方面的差异基因大都是下调表达,这可能是导致人工异源四倍体结实率低的关键因子。通过聚类从Nr注释信息获得3个G型凝集素类受体丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(基因Gh_D01G067500、Gh_D05G168100、Gh_A01G062500)。研究结果表明人工异源四倍体综The artificial allotetraploid of Gossypium herbaceun and G.raimondii was created in the laboratory to broaden the genetic background of cotton and provide novel materials for the germplasm innovation of cotton.In this study,fiber characters,physiological and biochemical comparison,SSR markers and floral transcriptomes analysis were conducted among three generations of the artificial allotetraploid and their parents,including G.hirsutum L.acc.TM-1.The results showed that the fiber color of artificial allotetraploid,light yellow,mid-parent of G.herbaceun and G.raimondii,and the fiber length was close to TM-1.The activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and MDA content in artificial allotetraploid plants were significantly higher than parents and TM-1,indicating that the stress resistance of artificial allotetraploid was enhanced after distant hybridization and chromosome doubling.55 polymorphic loci were detected from 11 pairs of SSR primers,with 2–10 mutation loci per primer and an average of 5.PIC ranged from 0.498 to 0.892,with an average of 0.742.The results indicated that SSR markers could reflect rich genetic diversity information among the test materials.The complementary of parents and specific bands were amplified in S_(2),S_(3),and S_(4),simultaneously,indicating that chromosome segment recombination occurred in the artificial allotetraploid at the molecular level.There were 37,19,and 20 bands of S_(2),S_(3),and S_(4) identical with TM-1 respectively,among which 17 bands were shared with TM-1 by all generations,indicating that the artificial allotetraploid had homology in genetic background with TM-1.The floral organ transcriptome analysis showed that there were 5653 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between artificial allotetraploid and TM-1,in which 3062 were up-regulated and 2591 were down-regulated.GO functional analysis showed that DEGs had significant differences in photosynthesis,photosystem II,RNA directed DNA polymerase activity and other pathways.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were more active i

关 键 词：人工异源四倍体 生理生化测定 SSR分子标记 转录组测序 差异表达基因 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]