氮肥和缩节胺对棉花纤维产量及品质时间分布的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC combined application on temporal distribution of cotton yield and fiber quality

作　　者：李志坤[1,2] 贾文华 朱伟[1] 刘伟 马宗斌[1] LI Zhi-Kun;JIA Wen-Hua;ZHU Wei;LIU Wei;MA Zong-Bin(College of Agriculture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang,China;Henan Province Seed Industry Development Center,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046 [2]浙江省农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州310020 [3]河南省种业发展中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第2期514-528,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110435);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(S2013-07-G04)资助。

摘　　要：棉花伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃(“四桃”)的时空分布不同,但目前“四桃”的纤维产量和品质差异及其对氮(N)肥与缩节胺(DPC)配施的响应鲜见报道。2015—2017年,在郑州市黄河滩区采用双因素裂区设计,以3个N肥用量为主区,即不施N肥(N0)、常量施N(N1)和过量施N(N2),用量分别为0、225和450 kg hm-2;以3个DPC用量为副区,即不喷施DPC(D0)、常量DPC(D1)和过量DPC(D2),用量分别为0、75和150 g hm-2。研究了N肥与DPC配施对棉花纤维产量及品质时间分布的影响。结果表明,(1)N1处理的“四桃”纤维产量比N0和N2处理分别增加36.79%和3.27%, N2处理减产不显著;D1处理比D0和D2处理分别增产17.53%和8.50%, D2处理减产达到显著水平;N1D1组合产量最高,其余组合减产1.15%~51.53%。N1D1组合的伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃产量分别占8.89%、45.35%、33.41%和12.36%,伏桃和早秋桃是产量主体,但早秋桃的成产强度大。随着施N量增加,早秋桃和晚秋桃的纤维产量占比增加,而随着DPC用量增加则表现相反。(2) N肥用量和DPC用量均对纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和马克隆值有显著影响,但对纤维伸长率影响达不到显著水平。N1处理和D1处理的纤维品质综合表现最优,但D0处理马克隆值最佳。N肥与DPC用量互作对“四桃”的纤维比强度和马克隆值有显著影响,其中, N1D1处理“四桃”的比强度和马克隆值均表现最优,而N2D2处理“四桃”的比强度和马克隆值表现最差。此外,过量施N和过量喷施DPC均会升高马克隆值。(3)“四桃”的纤维品质存在差异。伏前桃的纤维品质除马克隆值最优外,其纤维长度、整齐度和比强度最差;伏桃和早秋桃的纤维长度、整齐度和比强度最优,但马克隆值表现最差,伸长率居中;晚秋桃的伸长率最优,其余品质指标均居中。研究结果丰富了“四桃”产量和品质差异的相关理论,并为棉花合理施N和喷施The temporal and spatial distribution of cotton pre-summer boll,summer boll,early-autumn boll,and late-autumn boll(“four peaches”)are different,but there are few reports on the difference of their fiber yield and quality,as well as response to nitrogen(N)rates and mepiquat chloride(DPC)application.From 2015 to 2017,we employed a split-plot design in randomized complete blocks in this work in the Yellow River beach area of Zhengzhou city.The main plots were assigned to N fertilizer rates,namely no N application(N0),normal N(N1),and excessive N(N2),with the rate of 0,225,and 450 N kg hm–2,respectively.And the subplots to DPC dosages,namely no DPC(D0),normal DPC(D1),and excessive DPC(D2),with the dosages of 0,75,and 150 g hm–2,respectively.The effects of N fertilizer and DPC combined application on temporal distribution of cotton yield and fiber quality were studied.The results showed that:(1)The fiber yield of N1 treatment increased by 36.79%and 3.72%compared with N0 and N2 treatments,respectively,and N2 treatment did not significantly decrease the yield compared with N1.The fiber yield of D1 treatment increased by17.53%and 8.50%compared with D0 and D2 treatments,respectively,and D2 treatment decreased the yield significantly compared with D1.The fiber yield of N1D1 combined treatment was the highest,and yield of all the other combined treatments decreased by 1.15%–51.53%compared with N1D1.The proportions of fiber yield of pre-summer boll,summer boll,early-autumn boll,and late-autumn boll with N1D1 combined treatment were 8.89%,45.35%,33.41%,and 12.36%,respectively.Both summer boll and early-autumn boll were main yield components,but the early-autumn boll had the highest intensity of yield formation in particular.And with the increase of N application rates,the proportions of fiber yield of early-autumn boll and late-autumn boll increased,but DPC application dosages showed the opposite characteristics.(2)With the exception of the fiber elongation,fiber length,fiber length uniformity,fiber strength,and mic

关 键 词：棉花 氮肥 缩节胺 四桃 纤维产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]