浙江某牧场荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛泌乳性能比较  

Comparison of Production Performances between Holstein and Jersey Cows for a Dairy Farm in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：金英蕊 周福振 周部 夏予馨 代旭 杨章平[1] 毛永江[1] JIN Ying-rui;ZHOU Fu-zhen;ZHOU Bu;XIA Yu-xin;DAI Xu;YANG Zhang-ping;MAO Yong-jiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第12期10-15,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家农业重大科技项目(NK20221201);国家自然科学基金(31972555);江苏现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系项目(JATS.[2022]486)。

摘　　要：为探究荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛在泌乳性能上的差异,本试验通过收集浙江某规模化牛场2022年1-12月6390条DHI记录,根据多因素方差分析来分析荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛因品种及其胎次、泌乳月和产犊季节对其产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分(SCS)和尿素氮的影响。结果表明,荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、SCS和尿素氮分别为32.47kg、4.35%、3.36%、2.49、5.15mg/dL,娟姗牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、SCS和尿素氮分别为22.02kg、6.08%、4.02%、2.79、15.28mg/dL;荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛因品种及泌乳月、胎次和产犊季节均对其泌乳性能有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。其中,与娟姗牛相比,荷斯坦牛的产奶量极显著更高(P<0.01),而乳脂率和乳蛋白率则与之相反(P<0.01);夏、秋、冬季产犊的荷斯坦牛SCS极显著低于娟姗牛(P<0.01),而尿素氮含量差异不显著。与荷斯坦牛相比,1胎和3胎及以上的娟姗牛体细胞评分(SCS)极显著更高(P<0.01),而尿素氮含量差异不显著;在不同泌乳月,与荷斯坦牛相比,娟姗牛体细胞评分极显著更高,其中,第1~6泌乳月与荷斯坦牛相比娟姗牛的尿素氮含量更高,而7~12泌乳月尿素氮含量则与之相反。该结果对牧场根据荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛泌乳性能特点及其影响因素进行合理的饲养管理,从而提高奶牛业的经济效益有一定指导意义。In order to explore the difference in lactation performance between Holstein cattle and Jersey cattle,this experiment collected 6390 DHI production records from a large-scale cattle farm in Zhejiang Province from January~December 2022,and analyzed the effects of different breeds,parity,lactation month calving season on milk production,butter-fat content,protein rate,Somatic Cell Score(SCS)and urea nitrogen in Holstein cattle and Jersey cattle according to multivariate ANOVA.The results displayed that the milk yield,protein rate,butter-fat content,Somatic Cell Score(SCS)and urea nitrogen of Holstein cattle were 32.47 kg,4.35%,3.36%,2.49 and 5.15 mg/dL,respectively,and the daily milk production,milk fat rate,protein rate,SCS,urea nitrogen,peak milk and peak day of Jersey cow were 22.02 kg,6.08%,4.02%,2.79 and 15.28 mg/dL,respectively.Different breeds,lactation months,parity and calving season had significant effects on the lactation performance of Holstein and Jersey cattle(P<0.01).Among them,the milk yield of Holstein cattle was significantly higher than that of Jersey cattle(P<0.01),while the milk fat rate and protein rate of Jersey cattle were significantly higher than that of Jersey cattle(P<0.01).The Somatic Cell Score(SCS)of Holstein cattle calving in summer,autumn and winter was significantly lower than that of Jersey cattle(P<0.01),while the difference in urea nitrogen content was not significant.The somatic cell score(SCS)of Jersey cattle with 1 litter and 3 litters and above was obviously higher than that of Holstein cattle(P<0.01),while the difference in urea nitrogen content was not significant.The somatic cell scores of Jersey n cattle in different lactation months were obviously higher than those in Holstein cattle,and the urea nitrogen content in Jersey cattle in the 1~6th lactation month was obviously higher than that in Holstein cattle,and the urea nitrogen content in July-December was obviously lower than that in Holstein cattle.The results have certain guiding significance for the reasonable feed

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 娟姗牛 产犊季节 胎次 泌乳月 生产性能 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]