甜仁杏优株果实性状调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis on fruit characters of new excellent strains of sweet kernel apricot

作　　者：吕丽霞 王秀荣 王维[2] 王毅敏 贾庆冰 宋嘉太 金颖璐 刘晓婕 闫文静 LÜLixia;WANG Xiurong;WANG Wei;WANG Yimin;JIA Qingbing;SONG Jiatai;JIN Yinglu;LIU Xiaojie;YAN Wenjing(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Science,Hebei 075000;Xuanhua Vocational College of Science Technology;Zhangjiakou Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Quality Management Station)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北075000 [2]宣化科技职业学院 [3]张家口市农业环境与农产品质量管理站

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第1期30-35,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：杏扁优质品种选育及产业化关键技术研究与示范(18236828D);河北省科技转化项目抗寒优质丰产杏扁新品种‘张仁一号’示范推广(202260101010052)。

摘　　要：对38个甜仁杏优株的单果重、单核重、出核率、单仁重、核壳厚度、出仁率、核长度、核宽度、核形指数、单株果核产量10个性状进行聚类分析、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明:当欧氏距离为8时,38个甜仁杏优株分为5类,其中第Ⅰ类为大果类型,但出核率和核形指数的平均值最低;第Ⅱ类单果重、单核重的平均值较大,但出核率和出仁率平均值较小,单株果核产量平均值较低;第Ⅲ类各项指标平均值较为居中,但出仁率平均值最低;第Ⅳ类各项指标平均值较为居中,且出仁率相对较高;第Ⅴ类出核率、出仁率、核形指数均最大,但其他各项指标均最小。单核重、单仁重均与核壳厚度、核长度、核宽度呈极显著正相关;出核率与单果重呈极显著负相关;出仁率与核壳厚度呈极显著负相关,与单核重呈显著负相关;单株果核产量与核长度、核宽度呈极显著正相关。主成分分析中,前4个主成分的累计方差贡献率达到83.949%,在得分排名前10名的优株中,果仁味道同时被评为优级的分别为13-32(一)、09-10(四)、16-46(一)、10-46(一)、10-03(二)、01-04(一),综合出仁率和果肉厚度考虑13-32(一)、09-10(四)、16-46(一)、10-46(一)将作为新品种选育的重点备选优株,进入新品种选育的下一个环节。For provide scientific basis for accurate analysis of fruit characters of sweet apricot hybrids and breeding of target superior lines.In this study,cluster analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out on the 10 characters of 38 new excellent strains of sweet kernel apricot in the core demonstration park of the Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research,Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that:38 sweet kernel apricot superior plants can be divided into 5 types when Euclidean distance is 8,of which the categoryⅠis divided into big fruit type,but the average value of seed rate and karyotype index is the lowest;the average value of single fruit quality and single seed quality of the categoryⅡis relatively large,but the average value of seed rate and kernel rate is relatively small,and the average value of single plant yield is relatively low;the mean value of all indicators in categoryⅢis relatively middle,but the mean value of kernel rate is the lowest;the average value of each index in the categoryⅣis relatively middle,and the kernel rate is relatively high;category V has the highest seed rate,kernel rate and karyotype index,but other indicators are the lowest.The single nucleus mass and single kernel mass were positively correlated with the thickness,length and width of nucleus and shell;there was a very significant negative correlation between the seed rate and the single fruit quality;The kernel rate was significantly negatively correlated with the thickness of the core and shell,and significantly negatively correlated with the mononuclear mass;the fruit stone yield per plant was positively correlated with the stone length and width.In the principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of the first four components reached 83.949%.Among the top 10 excellent plants with the highest score,the ones with excellent kernel flavor were 13-32(Ⅰ),09-10(Ⅳ),16-46(Ⅰ),10-46(Ⅰ),10-03(Ⅱ),01-04(Ⅰ),respectively.Considering the kernel r

关 键 词：甜仁杏 果实性状 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]