不同处理对大棚草莓连作土壤理化性质和果实品质的影响  

Effects of different treatments on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of strawberry continuous cropping in greenhouse

作　　者：李荣飞 杨仕品 穆雪 马红叶 李飞[1] 罗克明[1] 黄伟[1] 韦茜 乔荣[1] LI Rongfei;YANG Shipin;MU Xue;MA Hongye;LI Fei;LUO Keming;HUANG Wei;WEI Qian;QIAO Rong(Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心,贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第1期62-69,共8页China Fruits

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合服企[2022]005-H-12);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目(黔农科院青年科技基金[2021]03号);贵州省农业科学院省财政科研专项(黔农科种质资源[2023]17号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y020号)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同处理对大棚草莓连作土壤和果实品质的影响,以未处理为对照(CK),研究了甜玉米轮作、棉隆消毒、生物炭利用、菌渣混土等7个不同修复技术对处理后土壤理化性质、植株生长、果实品质、产量的影响。结果表明:甜玉米轮作处理(T1)土壤含水量、容重最高,EC值最低,养分含量除了全氮、全钾、碱解氮、有效锌外最低,盐分离子含量均低于CK;小麦秸秆炭处理(T3)土壤含水量、容重较低,EC值最高,pH值高于CK,有机质、全磷、有效磷、有效铜、有效锌含量最高,盐分离子含量除了F-和Cl-外均高于CK;T1草莓植株生长指标高于CK,单果重、单株产量高,果实硬度大,可溶性固形物含量高,糖酸比、固酸比最高。综上所述,T3可有效改善土壤板结和酸化,减少养分损失;T1土壤保水性好,养分利用率高,可消耗部分过多养分,减轻土壤富营养化,减缓连作土壤次生盐渍化,促进植株健康生长,提高果实品质和产量。In order to investigate the effects of different treatments on soil and fruit quality of continuous cropping of strawberry in greenhouse,the effects of seven different remediation techniques,including sweetcorn rotation,cotton shoot disinfection,biochar utilization and fungus residue soil mixing,as controls to investigate the effects on soil physicochemical properties,plant growth,fruit quality and yield after treatment were studied.The results showed that sweetcorn rotation treatment(T1)had the highest soil moisture content and bulk density,and the lowest EC value.And the nutrient content was the lowest,except for total nitrogen,total potassium,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,and available zinc content.And all salt ion contents were lower than CK.Wheat straw charcoal treatment(T3)soil water content and bulk density were lower,EC value was the highest,and pH value was higher than CK.The contents of organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,copper and zinc were the highest.In addition,the content of salt ions was higher than CK,except Fand Cl-.The growth and development indicators of plants treated with T1 were higher than those of CK.T1 treatment had higher single fruit weight,single plant yield,higher fruit hardness,higher soluble solid content,and the highest sugar acid ratio and solid acid ratio.In conclusion,T3 treatment effectively improved soil compaction and acidification,reduced nutrient loss,and improved fruit quality.T1 treatment had the characteristics of good soil water retention and high soil nutrient utilization rate,which can consume some excess nutrients,thereby reducing soil eutrophication and slowing down secondary salinization of continuous cropping soil.T1 treatment was beneficial to promote the healthy growth of plants,improve fruit quality and yield.

关 键 词：草莓 连作 土壤养分 生长发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]