北京混栽樱桃园果蝇物种组成及种群消长动态  

Species composition and population dynamics of fruit flies in polyculture cherry orchard in Beijing

作　　者：杨帆 王泽华[1] 孙昂 王晶[2] 樊荣 王山宁 YANG Fan;WANG Zehua;SUN Ang;WANG Jing;FAN Rong;WANG Shanning(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China,100097;Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部北方果蔬有害生物绿色防控重点实验室(部省共建),北方果树病虫害绿色防控北京市重点实验室,100097 [2]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第1期108-114,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202216);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX201910)。

摘　　要：果蝇是危害樱桃的重要害虫,为明确北京市混栽樱桃园果蝇物种组成和种群发生消长动态,以北京市农林科学院通州樱桃育种基地诱集的果蝇为研究对象,采用分子和形态相结合的方法进行种类鉴定,比较园内不同果树(樱桃、梨、苹果、桃、李)和果园杂草上果蝇的种类组成及种群消长动态,组建果蝇-寄主食物网,并通过主成分分析阐明果蝇种群发生与寄主植物的相关性。混栽樱桃园内共诱集到10种果蝇,其中巴氏果蝇(Drosophila busckii)、花果蝇属果蝇(Scaptodrosophila sp.)、叔白颜果蝇(Drosophila triauraria)、斑翅果蝇(Drosophila suzukii)为优势物种,分别占果蝇总数的27.7%、15.1%、14.7%、10.6%。果蝇物种在不同寄主植物上组成不同,巴氏果蝇种群数量在杂草上随生长季节持续下降,其他优势果蝇物种在不同寄主植物上种群波动情况相似。杂草上果蝇种类多样,种群丰富度最高,相关性分析表明,果园杂草是斑翅果蝇的主要虫源,是樱桃果实成熟期果蝇的主要孳生地。混栽樱桃园果蝇种类丰富,需重点关注叔白颜果蝇、黑腹/拟果蝇和斑翅果蝇的发生,同时,在果树生长前期清除园内杂草,减少果蝇在樱桃和杂草等寄主间相互转移,降低其混合发生频率,以减轻樱桃成熟期的危害。In order to clarify the species composition and population dynamics of fruit flies,the combination of molecular and morphological methods was deployed to detect species based on pan trap sampling of fruit fly adults from polyculture cherry orchard in Beijing.We compared the species diversity and population dynamics among different fruit trees(cherry,pear,apple,peach and plum)and weed hosts,thus constructed the fruit fly-host food web and analyzed the correlation between species occurrence and host plants by using principal component analysis(PCA).In this study,a total of 10 fruit fly species were identified,the dominant species included Drosophila busckii,Scaptodrosophila sp.,Drosophila triauraria and Drosophila suzukii,taking 27.7%,15.1%,14.7%and 10.6%of total fruit flies respectively.The species composition of fruit flies were varied among various fruit trees and weed.In the investigation period,the population of D.busckii kept declining in weed and other dominant species had similar population dynamics among different host plants.Weed contained the highest diversity and population abundance of fruit flies.Correlation analysis showed that weeds were the main source of D.suzukii and the main breeding ground of fruit flies during cherry fruit ripening period.It is suggested that the attention should be paid to the occurrence of D.triauraria,D.melanogaster/simulans and D.suzukii in cherry fruit ripening period.In orchard management,weed should be removed in advance to reduce damage by host transfer between cherry and weed and frequency of mixed hazard during cherry fruit ripening period.

关 键 词：果蝇 混栽樱桃园 寄主范围 种类组成 种群动态 

分 类 号：S436.629[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]