某船厂职业噪声及粉尘危害情况分析及对策探讨  

Case analysis and countermeasures of occupational noise and dust hazards in a shipyard

作　　者：翟振海 刘丽琴 厉宗亮 ZHAI Zhenhai;LIU Liqin;LI Zongliang(Department of Health Examination,Weihai Municipal Second Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University,Weihai i264200,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Weifang Second People's Hospital)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属威海市立第二医院健康查体科,山东威海264200 [2]潍坊市第二人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科

出　　处：《潍坊医学院学报》2023年第6期431-433,共3页Acta Academiae Medicinae Weifang

摘　　要：目的了解威海某船厂噪声及粉尘危害情况以及从业人员健康检查状况,为企业职业病防护提供依据。方法收集并分析2017~2021年2204例从业人员的健康体检资料,探讨该船厂的作业场所职业病危害因素,为加强职业病的预防提供可靠依据。结果该船厂职业病危害因素检测结果均符合职业接触限值要求;听力检测2101例,听力损失检出1235例(58.78%),其中职业禁忌证检出217例(10.33%)、职业病噪声聋诊断50例(2.38%);粉尘作业人员2146例,检出胸片异常496例(23.11%),确诊尘肺患者9例(0.42%);5年间从业人员听力异常检出率和胸片异常检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对2021年职工听力损失情况进行统计分析,不同工种之间听力损失情况存在差异且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该船厂对作业场所职业病危害因素严格控制,但噪声和粉尘影响依然严重,应加强对这些因素的预防控制,重视从业工人的健康监护。Objective To explore the hazards caused by noise and dust in a shipyard in Weihai and the health status of shipyard workers,so as to provide evidence for occupational disease prevention in enterprises.Methods The occupational health examination data of a total of 2204 cases were investigated between 2017 and 2021,and the occupational health risk factors in the shipyard were monitored and analyzed.Results According to these inspections,all occupational health risk factors in the shipyard are under required occupational exposure limits.Among the 2101 hearing test subjects,1235 cases of hearing loss(58.78%)were detected,including 217 cases of occupational contraindications(10.33%)and 50 cases of occupational noise induced deafness(2.38%).Statistical analysis on the hearing loss of employees in 2021 shows that the level of hearing impairment varies significantly among different types of work(P<0.05).Physical examinations on a total of 2146 dust-exposed workers revealed 9 cases(0.42%)with confirmed pneumoconiosis,along with 496 cases(23.11%)with abnormal chest radiographs.Conclusion Despite the fact that the occupational hazard factors are strictly controlled in the shipyard,the impact of noise and dust remains serious.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of these occupational hazard factors,and pay attention to the health monitoring of workers exposed to occupational hazards.

关 键 词：造船业 职业病 职业健康检查 噪声 粉尘 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]