古代福建冶金瑰宝——大铁佛的铸造工艺过程  

The Ancient Fujian Metallurgical Treasures:Casting Process for the Big Iron Buddha

作　　者：王欣[1] 唐电[1] Wang Xin;Tang Dian(College of Materials Science and Engineering of Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350001,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]福州大学材料科学与工程学院,福建福州350016

出　　处：《福建冶金》2024年第1期39-43,共5页Fujian Metallurgy

摘　　要：福州开元寺铁佛是国内外现存最大的古代铁佛,古代工匠采用怎样的铸造工艺技术,亟待深入研究。根据观测和分析认为,为了将一段方柱铸接在其内腔,古代工匠对这尊大佛采用了分铸法的铸造方式。生铁表面的莱氏体组织和相成分是大佛具有良好腐蚀防护的材料基础,也说明当时所采用的熔铸温度很低。干泥浆和芯撑的存在,表明大佛可能采用了泥范铸造工艺;通过对内表面条纹和疤痕等的观察,表明古代工匠可能采用了异常复杂的浇铸系统,一次性完成主体结构的整铸成型。可以认为,古代工匠大致通过10个主要的铸造工艺程序,最终制成巨型金身佛像。The iron Buddha in Fuzhou Kaiyuan Temple is one of the biggest ancient ones,existing both at home and abroad.What kind of foundry technique the ancient craftsmen used needs to be studied in depth.According to the observation and analysis,it is considered that the ancient craftsmen adopted the casting method of dividing casting to weld a section of square column into its inner cavity of the iron Buddha.The ledeburite structure and phase composition in the surface region of pig iron were the basis of good corrosion protection for the Buddha,which also showed that the melting and casting temperature for the casting was very low.The existence of dry mud and core supports indicated that the clay mould casting process might have been used.The stripes and scars on the inner surface showed that the ancient craftsmen might have adopted an unusually complex casting system to cast the main structure at one time.It could be considered that the ancient craftsmen had roughly employed the 10 main casting procedures,made a giant golden Buddha at last.

关 键 词：福州开元寺 铁佛 铸造 工艺 过程 

分 类 号：TG24[金属学及工艺—铸造] K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]