施氮水平对2年生嘎拉/M9T337苹果苗木生长的影响  

Effect of nitrogen application level on the growth and development of 2-year-old Gala/M9T337 apple seedlings

作　　者：王淼 刘丽媛 马娟娟[1] 曹珊[2] 翟丙年[3] 傅隆生[4] 麻珊珊 李高潮[1] 张东[1] WANG Miao;LIU Liyuan;MA Juanjuan;CAO Shan;ZHAI Bingnian;FU Longsheng;MA Shanshan;LI Gaochao;ZHANG Dong(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712000;College of Food Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University;Shaanxi Baoji Huasheng Fruit Industry Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712000 [2]西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院 [3]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院 [4]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院 [5]陕西省宝鸡华圣果业有限公司

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第10期6-12,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：西北农林科技大学吉尔吉斯斯坦农业科技示范园建设项目(HWJD202203);苹果现代科技示范基地建设项目(2020ZDZX03-06-01);西北农林科技大学科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2019-15)。

摘　　要：以2年生矮化自根砧M9T337嘎拉苹果苗木为试材,研究了施氮量对其生长指标、生物量、叶片质量、光合特性和根系的影响。结果表明:每667 m^(2)施氮量为0.4 kg时,嘎拉/M9T337苗木株高、叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)均高于其他氮肥处理,其中,叶绿素含量高达1.52 mg/g;每667 m^(2)施氮量为0.8 kg时,苗木分枝粗度、叶面积和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、净光合速率(Pn)均高于其他氮肥处理,而MDA含量低于其他处理,其中叶面积高达7427.11 mm^(2);每667 m^(2)施氮量为1.0 kg时,苗木鲜重、地上部干重、根表面积、总根长、总根尖数、叶片可溶性糖含量均达到最大,其中地上部鲜重达617.44 g,地上部干重达330.78 g;不同处理间苗木茎粗、有效分枝数、分枝长度和分枝开张角度差异不大。根据隶属函数综合得分,每667 m^(2)施氮量为0.8 kg时,2年生嘎拉/M9T337苹果苗木质量最好。The effects of nitrogen application rate on growth indicators,biomass,leaf quality,photosynthetic characteristics,and root system of 2-year-old dwarf self-rootstock M9T337‘Gala’apple seedlings were studied.When the nitrogen application rate was 0.4 kg per 667 m^(2),the plant height,chlorophyll content,CAT activity,transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)of Gala/M9T337 seedlings were all higher than other nitrogen fertilizer treatments,with chlorophyll content as high as 1.52 mg/g.When the nitrogen application rate is 0.8 kg per 667 m^(2),the branch diameter,leaf area,SOD activity,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of seedlings are all significantly higher than other nitrogen fertilizer treatments,with leaf area as high as 7427.11 mm^(2).When the nitrogen application rate is 1.0 kg per 667 m^(2),the fresh weight,above ground dry weight,root surface area,total root length,total root tip number of the seedlings,and soluble sugar content of leaf all reach their maximum,with a fresh weight of 617.44 g above ground and a dry weight of 330.78 g above ground.There is no significant difference in stem diameter,effective branch number,branch length,and branch opening angle among different treatments of seedlings.According to the comprehensive score of the membership function,when the nitrogen application rate is 0.8 kg per 667 m^(2),the quality of 2-year-old Gala/M9T337 apple seedlings is the best.

关 键 词：苹果 嘎拉 矮化自根砧苗木 氮素水平 生长发育 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]