喷施调环酸钙和断根对3年生嘎拉苹果枝条生长和果实品质的影响  

Effects of prohexadione calcium and root pruning on branch growth and fruit quality of 3-year-old‘Gala’apple

作　　者：周江涛 陈艳辉[1] 康国栋[1] 董丽梅 程存刚[1] 赵德英[1] ZHOU Jiangtao;CHEN Yanhui;KANG Guodong;DONG Limei;CHENG Cungang;ZHAO Deying(Institute of Pomology of CAAS,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Xingcheng,Liaoning 125100;Modern Agriculture Development Service Centre of Xingcheng)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]兴城市现代农业发展服务中心

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第11期8-13,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：以3年生嘎拉苹果为试材,在盛花期,落花期或落花后7、14 d分别喷施200 mg/L调环酸钙、断根和断根+喷施200 mg/L调环酸钙,比较了各处理新梢长度、长中短枝数量、枝条花序数量和果实品质。结果表明:与对照相比,其余各处理新梢长度均减小,中短枝比例均增加,盛花期断根+喷施调环酸钙处理新梢长度比对照减少46.20%,落花后7 d断根+喷施调环酸钙处理长中短枝比例达1∶0.47∶1.78;与对照相比,其余各处理果实的亮度和红色度均增加,落花期断根+喷施调环酸钙处理果实亮度最高,红色度仅次于盛花期喷施调环酸钙处理;除盛花期喷施调环酸钙处理外,其他处理单果重比对照增加0.78%~45.65%;与对照相比,其余各处理果形指数提高;除盛花期断根处理外,其他处理果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均高于对照;落花期和落花后7、14 d,断根处理果肉硬度、脆度和细度均降低,和落花后7 d断根+喷施调环酸钙处理果肉脆度和细度均高于其他处理。综上所述,控梢能够减小新梢长度,增加中短枝比例,提高果实亮度,促进果实着色,提高果形指数,以落花后7 d断根+喷施调环酸钙处理效果较好。With 3-year-old‘Gala’apple as materials,the trees were sprayed with 200 mg/L prohexadione calcium,root pruning and root pruning+200 mg/L prohexadione calcium at blooming,petal fall and flowering,7 days after petal fall,14 days after petal fall stages,the new branches length,number of long,medium and short branches,inflorescence and fruit quality were measured.The results showed that all treatments decreased the growth length of new branches and increased the proportion of medium and short branches compared with the control.The length of new branches decreased by 46.20%in the treatment of root pruning+prohexadione calcium at bloom flowering stage.The ratio of long,medium and short branches was 1∶0.47∶1.78 under root pruning+prohexadione calcium treatment at 7 days after petal fall stage.Spaying prohexadione calcium and root pruning increased the fruit brightness and red color of‘Gala’apple.The fruit brightness was the highest in the treatment of root pruning+prohexadione calcium at the petal fall stage.The red color taken second place in the treatment of prohexadione calcium at the blooming stage.Except the treatment of spraying prohexadione calcium at blooming,the single fruit weight increased by 0.78%~45.65%compared with the control.All treatments increased the fruit shape index of‘Gala’fruit.The content of soluble solids and the ratio of solid to acid in fruits were higher than control,except the root pruning treatment in blooming stage.The hardness,crispness and fineness of the flesh were decreased in root pruning treatment at petal fall,7 days after petal fall and 14 days after petal fall stages.The crispness and fineness of flesh with root pruning+prohexadione calcium treatment were higher than those of other treatments at 7 days after petal fall.In summary,shoot control treatment reduced the length of new branches and increase the proportion of medium and short branches,increase fruit brightness,promote fruit coloration and increase fruit shape index.The effect of root pruning+prohexadione c

关 键 词：苹果 断根 调环酸钙 控旺 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]