陕西关中地区猕猴桃园土壤水分、矿质氮空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture and mineral nitrogen in kiwifruit orchards in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：邹衡 骆汉[1,2] 谢永生 陈东凯[1] 盛玉章 李镇 ZOU Heng;LUO Han;XIE Yongsheng;CHEN Dongkai;SHENG Yuzhang;LI Zhen(Institute of soil and water conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of soil and water conservation,Ministry of water resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第11期43-49,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：西安市科技计划项目(20NYSF0024)。

摘　　要：为探明陕西关中平原猕猴桃适生区的猕猴桃园土壤水分、矿质氮空间分布的情况,以期为猕猴桃园生态调控提供参考。在周至县和杨凌区选取2个猕猴桃园(以下简称周至园和杨凌园),以9年生猕猴桃树为研究对象,采用土钻法,对不同径向距离(株间75 cm、行间30 cm、行间100 cm)的土壤剖面进行分层取样,对土壤含水量、矿质氮的含量及硝态氮累积量进行测定,探究其空间分布特征。周至园和杨凌园在0~200 cm剖面土壤含水量的分布特征随着土层深度的增加,均呈现先减少后增加的趋势。周至园土壤平均含水量为13.69%,40~100 cm土层平均含水量仅为11.45%,杨凌园土壤平均含水量为19.94%。周至园的硝态氮和铵态氮含量比杨凌园分别高出24.8%和51.5%,2个猕猴桃园都存在硝态氮深层累积的现象,80~200 cm土层的硝态氮累积量分别为508.06、437.94 kg/hm^(2),分别占总剖面的69.4%和67.0%。相同灌溉水平下,周至园土壤含水量处于较低水平,杨凌园土壤湿润度适宜。80~200 cm土层是关中地区硝态氮主要累积区域,容易发生硝态氮深层淋溶,造成地下水体污染。针对不同猕猴桃园水肥分布特征应制定不同的管理和改良措施,改善根系生长微环境,提高猕猴桃树体水肥利用率,才能达到猕猴桃园高效和高产的目标。To explore the spatial distribution of soil moisture and mineral nitrogen in kiwifruit orchards in kiwifruit suitable growth area of Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province,in order to provide basis for ecological regulation measures of kiwifruit orchards.Two kiwifruit orchards(hereinafter referred to as Zhouzhi orchard and Yangling orchard)were selected in Zhouzhi County and Yangling District.Taking 9-year-old kiwifruit trees as the research object,the soil profiles with different radial distances(75 cm between plants,30 cm between rows and 100 cm between rows)were sampled by soil drilling method,and the soil water content,mineral nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen accumulation were measured to explore the soil moisture spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients.The distribution characteristics of soil moisture content in Zhouzhi orchard and Yangling orchard at 0~200 cm profile first decreased and then increased with the increase of soil depth.The average water content of Zhouzhi orchard soil was 13.69%,and the average water content of 40~100 cm depth was only 11.45%,the average soil water content of Yangling orchard was 19.94%.The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in Zhouzhi orchard are 24.8%and 51.5%higher than those in Yangling orchard respectively.There is deep accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in both orchards.The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen at the depth of 80~200 cm is 2508.06 kg/hm^(2)and 437.94 kg/hm respectively,accounting for 69.4%and 67.0%of the total profile respectively.Under the same irrigation level,the soil water content of Zhouzhi orchard is at a low level,and the soil moisture of Yangling orchard is appropriate.The soil layer at the depth of 80~200 cm is the main accumulation area of nitrate nitrogen in Guanzhong area,which is prone to deep leaching of nitrate nitrogen,resulting in groundwater pollution.According to the distribution of water and fertilizer in different kiwifruit orchards,different management and improvement measures should be taken to create a good root

关 键 词：猕猴桃园 土壤水分 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]