敌百虫对长富2号苹果疏果效果及叶片内源激素的影响  

Effects of trichlorfon on fruit thinning and endogenous hormones in‘Changfu 2’apple

作　　者：李洁 王宝珠 何银涛 陈天龙 刘博文 张满让[1] LI Jie;WANG Baozhu;HE Yintao;CHEN Tianlong;LIU Bowen;ZHANG Manrang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第12期13-18,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以长富2号苹果为试材,在中心果直径约5、10 mm时叠加喷施1 000、1 200、1 400 mg/L敌百虫液进行疏果,以喷清水为对照。生理落果后统计疏果率,果实成熟时测定品质;喷药后7、17、27、37、47 d采集果台副梢基部叶片,测定玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA_(3))、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)等激素含量及相关编码基因的相对表达量。结果表明:喷施1 000、1 200、1 400 mg/L敌百虫液疏果率均显著高于对照,在54%以上,其中,喷施1 400 mg/L敌百虫的疏除效果最优(69.42%);喷施敌百虫对长富2号果实品质无不良影响,果实固酸比较对照显著升高,提高了13.54~24.00;在喷施敌百虫17 d后,果台副梢基部叶片内ABA含量显著上升,GA_(3)含量下降,相关基因MdABF3、MdGA20ox1表达量也随之变化。In order to clarify the thinning effect of trichlorfon as a fruit thinning agent on the‘Changfu 2’apple,this study used the 8-year-old‘Changfu 2’with Xinjiang wild apple(Malussieversii)as the base anvil and M26 as the intermediate anvil as the test material.When the diameter of the center fruit is about 5 mm and 10 mm,superimposed spraying(1000 mg/L,1200 mg/L,1400 mg/L)of trichlorfon was applied,and water was used as the control.The fruit thinning rate was counted after physiological fruit dropping,and the leaves at the base of the accessory shoots of fruit bolts were collected at 7 days,17 days,27 days,37 days and 47 days after spraying,and zeatin(ZR),gibberellin(GA_(3)),auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)were determined.Hormone content and relative expression of related coding genes,and their quality was determined after fruit harvesting.Preliminary results showed that after trichlorfon treatment,the fruit thinning rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control,reaching more than 54%,of which 1400 mg/L trichlorfon treatment had the best thinning effect(69.42%);the experimental group had no adverse effect on the internal and external quality of‘Changfu 2’fruit,and the solid-acid ratio of the control fruit was significantly increased by 13.54~24.00;after spraying for 17 days,the content of ABA in the base leaves of the by-shoots of the fruit moss increased significantly,the content of GA_(3) decreased,and the expressions of related genes MdABF3and MdGA20ox1also changed accordingly.In conclusion,trichlorfon can be used as a fruit thinning agent in actual production,which has a positive effect on fruit quality,significantly improves the content of soluble solids,and is closely related to hormone regulation.

关 键 词：苹果 长富2号 敌百虫 疏果 果实品质 激素 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]