基于人工引雷技术的外浮顶油罐直接雷击过电压试验研究  

Overvoltage Measurement on the External Floating Roof Oil Tank Model Directly Stroke by Artificially Triggered Lightning

作　　者：刘向科 任渝帆 蒋如斌[3] 孙荆茶 张鸿波[3] LIU Xiangke;REN Yufan;JIANG Rubin;SUN Jingcha;ZHANG Hongbo(Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Meteorological Disaster Prevention Center,Jinan 250031,China;Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Electronic Engineering,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象台,济南250031 [2]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,济南250031 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气和全球环境探测重点实验室,北京100029 [4]成都信息工程大学电子工程学院,成都610225

出　　处：《高电压技术》2023年第11期4782-4789,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41875008);山东省气象局重点课题(2020sdqxz07)。

摘　　要：在山东人工引发闪电实验的基础上,对外浮顶油罐模型的直接雷击过电压开展探测研究。利用2021年7月12日一次引雷实验,测量得到了4次回击过程的通道底部电流和同时刻油罐不同位置的电压,分析结果表明:该闪电包含4次负极性回击,实测电流最大负极性峰值−34.01 kA,10%~90%上升沿时间为0.11~0.19μs。罐顶和浮顶处电压波形的幅值变化范围及随时间波动的趋势基本一致,电压脉冲信号的持续时间均在4μs左右。罐顶和浮顶的电位差波形呈现3个波谷、4个波峰的特征,周期在1μs左右,电位差幅值变化范围为−21.3 kV~+18.8 kV。整体来看,雷电流强度越大,上升时间越短,罐顶与浮盘的电压峰值及二者间电位差峰值越大,振幅越高。以此为基础计算发现,当雷电直接击中油罐,而浮盘与罐体没有可靠连接时,其之间的电位差将引燃罐内油气。最后提出了一些防护建议措施。Based on the Shandong triggering lightning experiment,the overvoltage measurement on the external floating roof oil tank model stroke directly by triggered lightning was carried out.The current at the bottom of lightning channel and the voltage at different positions of the oil tank were measured synchronously during one triggered lightning with four return strokes(RSs)on July 12,2021.The results show that the lightning contains four negative RS.The maximum negative peak current is−34.01 kA and the rise time from 10%to 90%is 0.11~19μs during the four RSs.The amplitude and change trend of voltage waveform with time are basically same at the tank top and floating disc and the voltage pulse duration is about 4μs.The potential difference waveform between them presents three troughs and four peaks,and the period is about 1μs and the amplitude ranges from−21.3 kV to+18.8 kV.As a whole,the higher the lightning current intensity is,the shorter the 10%~90%rise time will be,the larger the peak voltage and their potential difference of the tank top and floating disc will be,and the stronger the amplitude will be.Calculation reveals that,when lightning strikes the oil tank directly,if there is no reliable connection between the floating disc and the oil tank,the potential difference between them is most likely to ignite the oil and gas in the tank.Finally,some protection suggestions are put forward.

关 键 词：人工引雷 油罐 直接雷击 感应过电压 雷电流 电位差 

分 类 号：TM863[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术] TE972[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]