船舶压载水处理引入的消毒副产物的环境问题研究  

Studies on ocean environment influences of disinfection by-products of ship ballast water management system

作　　者：张文婷 张丽 杨懿 邵明豪 谢俊鹏 ZHANG Wenting;ZHANG Li;YANG Yi;SHAO Minghao;XIE Junpeng(College of Ocean Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Guangzhou Wenchong Dockyard Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 511462,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [2]广州文冲船舶修造有限公司,广东广州511462

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第5期111-118,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划——船舶压舱水应急处理装备与示范(17DZ1202906);上海工程技术研究中心——上海深远海洋装备材料工程技术研究中心(19DZ2253100)。

摘　　要：饮用水处理的消毒副产物问题已有大量研究,压载水处理引入的消毒副产物给环境带来的安全隐患正在受到各国专家及国际海事组织IMO的关注,消毒剂、水中的有机物及盐度是影响消毒副产物产生的主要因素,相关的毒性研究也在开展;获得IMO最终批准的45项使用活性物质的压载水管理系统使用不同的处理技术产生的消毒副产物总量也不尽相同,同一种技术不同系统消毒副产物产生的总量差别较大;虽然使用活性物质的压载水管理系统在递交IMO认可时需要完成风险评估,但沿用现有评估模型对实际港口评估时,某些物质仍对环境有不可接受的风险,各港口地理及水质条件的复杂性、毒理数据的不足、相关检测技术的限制等都是现有评估标准使用受限的原因。随着相关研究的开展以及IMO对消毒副产物的持续关注,不久的将来很有可能会出现更加严苛的限制指标。《公约》的强制实施,压载水管理系统加装市场会迎来大批订单,随压载水处理引入的消毒副产物问题会被凸显出来,因此船东加装压载水管理系统时对技术的选择尤为关键,更加绿色安全的压载水处理技术应尽快实施应用在压载水处理领域。The disinfection by-products of drinking water treatment have been studied intensively;however,the studies on the safety hazards of disinfection by-products from the ballast water treatment are scarce.Such scenario has been receiving more and more attentions of the experts from different countries and International Maritime Organization(IMO).Disinfectants,organic matters in water and salinity as the main factors associate with the generation of disinfection by-products,and their influences on the generation of disinfection by-products have been studying actively.The 45 ballast water management systems approved by IMO use different active substances and different treating technologies,producing different amounts and different types of disinfection by-products.The total amount of disinfection by-products produced each systems varies greatly even these systems use the same techniques.It is true that the ballast water management system using active substances must pass the risk assessment of IMO completely.However,the risk assessment of some materials with the models available currently may not be acceptable at some ports.The complexity of the geography and water quality conditions of various ports,the lack of toxicological data,and the limitations of related testing technologies are all the limitations to execute the assessment standards.With the intensification of relative studies and the continuous attention from IMO,we believe that more stringent restrictions will be established in near future.The implementation of the Convention will foster rich orders of ballast water management system installations,and accordingly,the problems associating with the disinfection by-products from ballast water treatment will be further highlighted.Therefore,shipowners must pay attention to the technology when installing ballast water management systems.It is particularly critical to adapt greener and safer ballast water treatment technologies,and implement these technologies in ballast water treatment.

关 键 词：压载水管理系统 消毒副产物 国际海事组织 

分 类 号：X736.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]