国际法院领土争端案件中的历史证据采用规则  

Historical Evidence in Territorial Disputes at the International Court of Justice

作　　者：曾皓[1] Zeng Hao

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第6期17-31,共15页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金一般项目“中印边界争端的危机管理机制研究”(项目编号:23BGJ071)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：领土争端案件中的证据大多以历史资料的形式存在,但并非所有历史资料都具有证据资格与较强证明力。国际法院在多年裁判实践中通过类比国内证据法原则与规则,考虑国际司法的特点以及争端的具体事实与情况,在司法实践中逐渐发展出一套与证据相关的规则或做法,包括考虑证据的关联性、真实性、时间性、可靠性和权源性规则。依据这套与证据相关的规则或做法,国际法院在不同的案件中对历史资料的证据价值有不同的评价与认定。一般而言,历史资料若缺乏客关联性和真实性,则不具有证据资格。但即使具备了证据资格,一些证据材料也可能会因为其来源、内容等原因,难以形成相互印证的证据链。国际法院的裁判活动及其判例对国际法规则的解释和适用产生了一定的影响,值得认真思考。The majority of evidence in territorial dispute cases manifests in the form of historical information.It is crucial to recognize that not all historical material possesses evidentiary qualifications and the probative value.Examining the collection and preservation of relevant historical materials from a historical standpoint is a prerequisite for addressing issues like the sovereignty over disputed areas and determining the boundaries within those regions.As emphasized by the International Court of Justice,the analysis of the intricate historical context underlying territorial disputes should serve as the starting point for resolving such disputes.The examination of historical materials to establish the facts of a case represent a crucial judicial function of the international courts or tribunals.The International Court of Justice,through years of adjudication,has established precedents pertaining to evidentiary matters in its judicial proceedings.This development draws parallels with principles and rules found in domestic laws of evidence.The International Court of Justice assess and adjudicates historical information by considering its characteristics,the claims presented by the involved Parties,the content and merits of the litigation,and the applicable substantive and procedural rules of international law.The International Court of Justice considers the unique features of international justice,alongside the specific facts and circumstances of each dispute.This encompasses adherence to rules governing relevance,authenticity,reliability,and other pertinent factors.Historical information lacking objectivity and relevance does not meet the criteria for evidence.Moreover,even when such information is considered as evidence,establishing a cohesive chain of corroborating evidence may be challenging due to differences in origin and content among various evidentiary materials.It is essential to acknowledge that the adjudicative proceedings of the International Court of Justice and its jurisprudence have influenced the

关 键 词：国际法院 历史资料 领土争端 证据 证据规则 

分 类 号：D994[政治法律—国际法学] D993[政治法律—法学]