美国海事仲裁制度多维检视及中国选择——从建设国际海事仲裁中心的视角出发  

Inspection on the U.S.Maritime Arbitration System from Multiple Dimensions and China's Choice:From the Perspective of Building the International Maritime Arbitration Center

作　　者：邓杰 Deng Jie

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第6期138-158,共21页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“‘21世纪海上丝绸之路’沿线国家海事争议多元化解决机制构建研究”(20YJA820006);上海仲裁委员会“开放基金项目”研究课题“海事争议多元化解机制下上海打造亚太海事仲裁中心研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：先进的海事仲裁制度是一国海事仲裁业健康发展与建设国际海事仲裁中心的保障和支撑。纽约作为与伦敦、新加坡、中国香港一样被业界认可的国际海事仲裁中心,能在日益激烈的国际竞争中保持一定优势和一席之地,无疑得益于其不断发展完善的海事仲裁制度。在支持仲裁发展的联邦政策牵引下,美国《联邦仲裁法》得以在实践中发展完善,州仲裁法逐渐走向统一,海事仲裁规则得到不断修改完善。与其他国际海事仲裁中心的海事仲裁制度相比,美国海事仲裁制度既呈现出国际共性,亦不乏独特个性,既有优势,亦存在不足,但面向国际航运界提供其熟悉和习惯的海事仲裁服务,则是其不变追求。上海在建设面向全球的亚太仲裁中心及全面建成国际航运中心的战略背景下,亦作出了建设亚太海事仲裁中心的战略选择。当前,我们应立足中国国情及已有的制度优势,参考美国海事仲裁制度的经验得失,推动中国海事仲裁制度改革完善。中国当下的务实举措具体包括推进《中华人民共和国仲裁法》修订、推动地方仲裁立法先行先试、推动海事仲裁规则不断修改完善,以此进一步彰显海事仲裁的专业特色,更好满足海事仲裁发展的实践需求,从而为上海建设亚太海事仲裁中心构建出国际一流的海事仲裁法治环境。The advanced maritime arbitration system can guarantee and support a country's steady development of maritime arbitration and its building of international maritime arbitration center.Due to its advanced maritime arbitration system,New York,just as London,Singapore and Hong Kong,China,has become one of the international maritime arbitration centers recognized by the international shipping community,and has also gained its own advantages and position through increasingly fierce international competition.By inspecting and analysing the U.S.maritime arbitration system from multiple dimensions,we can see not only the improvement approach of the Fedral Arbitration Act under the U.S.federal policy favoring arbitration,but also the value pursuits of the state arbitration law's unification and the constant revision and improvement of the martime arbitration rules.Compared with the maritime arbitration systems of other international maritime arbitration centers,the U.S.maritime arbitration system presents both international commonalities and unique characteristics and has both advantages and shortcomings.However,providing maritime arbitration services the international shipping community is familiar with and accustomed to is always the invariable pursuit of the U.S.As for Shanghai,under the strategic background of building the global-oriented Asian-Pacific arbitration center and building the international shipping center,it has also made a strategic choice to build the Asian-Pacific maritime arbitration center.To achieve this,based on China's national conditions and existing institutional advantages,we should learn gains and losses from the development of the U.S.maritime arbitration system to promote the reform and improvement of China's maritime arbitration system.Specifically speaking,it includes propelling the revision of the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China,promoting the pioneering and experimental work for the local arbitration legislation,and pushing forward the continuous revision and perfection o

关 键 词：海事仲裁 联邦仲裁法 统一仲裁法 纽约海事仲裁员协会仲裁规则 亚太海事仲裁中心 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD915.7