水生生态系统中高氯酸盐与铬复合污染的生态毒理效应模拟  

Simulation of ecotoxicological effects of perchlorate and hexavalent chromium combined pollution in the aquatic ecosystem

作　　者：李婉文 杜宁宁 周娟娟 秦俊豪[1] 黎华寿[1] 陈桂葵 LI Wanwen;DU Ningning;ZHOU Juanjuan;QIN Junhao;LI Huashou;CHEN Guikui(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第1期52-59,共8页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877334)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究ClO_(4)^(−)和Cr^(6+)在复合污染条件下对水生生态系统的生态毒理效应。【方法】构建水生生态系统,分别放入生长状况一致的水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes、隆线溞Daphnia carinata和福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata,使其暴露于不同质量浓度ClO_(4)^(−)和Cr^(6+)及其复合污染的水体中,研究ClO_(4)^(−)和Cr^(6+)在单一和复合条件下对水葫芦、隆线溞和福寿螺的生态毒理效应。【结果】随着暴露时间增加,隆线溞的种群增长呈先上升后下降的趋势。0.02 mg·L^(−1)的Cr^(6+)可促进隆线溞生长,200 mg·L^(−1)的ClO_(4)^(−)和0.20 mg·L^(−1)的Cr^(6+)及复合污染处理均对隆线溞生长起抑制作用。0.02 mg·L^(−1)的Cr^(6+)对福寿螺的生长无明显影响,但单一的ClO_(4)^(−)(20和200 mg·L^(−1))和0.20 mg·L^(−1)的Cr^(6+)及复合污染处理均对福寿螺的生长具有明显的抑制作用。随着水中污染物质量浓度的增加,水葫芦各器官中的ClO_(4)^(−)和Cr^(6+)含量相应增加;相同浓度水平下,水葫芦各器官中ClO_(4)^(−)的含量高低顺序为:叶>茎>根,Cr^(6+)含量的顺序为:根>茎>叶。与水葫芦相比,隆线溞和福寿螺体内的ClO_(4)^(−)含量较低。【结论】ClO_(4)^(−)与Cr^(6+)的单一和复合污染均对水生生态系统中的生物造成了毒害作用。水葫芦对ClO_(4)^(−)和Cr^(6+)均有较强的吸收能力,富集ClO_(4)^(−)的主要器官是叶片、富集Cr^(6+)的主要器官是根部,隆线溞和福寿螺对ClO_(4)^(−)也有一定的吸收,但吸收能力弱于水葫芦。【Objective】To investigate the ecotoxicological effects of ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+)on the aquatic ecosystem under combined pollution conditions.【Method】The aquatic ecosystem was constructed,Eichhornia crassipes,Daphnia carinata and Pomacea canaliculata with the same growth conditions were added,respectively,and exposed to water with different concentrations of ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+)and their combined pollution.The ecotoxicological effects of ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+)on E.crassipes,D.carinata and P.canaliculata under single and compound conditions were studied.【Result】With the increase of exposure time,the population of D.carinata increased first and then decreased.The 0.02 mg·L^(−1) Cr^(6+)promoted the growth of D.carinata,while 200 mg·L^(−1) ClO_(4)^(−),0.20 mg·L^(−1) Cr^(6+)and their combined pollution inhibited the growth of D.carinata.The 0.02 mg·L^(−1) Cr^(6+)had little effect on the growth of P.canaliculata;Howerver,single ClO_(4)^(−)(20 and 200 mg·L^(−1))and 0.20 mg·L^(−1) Cr^(6+)as well as their combined pollution treatment groups had significant inhibitory effects.The contents of ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+)in each organ of E.crassipes increased with the increase of pollutant concentration in water.Under the same concentration of pollutant,the order of ClO_(4)^(−)content in all organs was leaf>stem>root,the order of Cr^(6+)content was root>stem>leaf.The contents of ClO_(4)^(−)in D.carinata and P.canaliculata were lower than that in E.crassipes.【Conclusion】Both single and combined pollution of ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+)cause toxic effects on organisms in aquatic ecosystems.E.crassipes has strong absorption ability to ClO_(4)^(−)and Cr^(6+),with ClO_(4)^(−)mainly concentrated in leaf,and Cr^(6+)in root.The absorbing abilities of D.carinata and P.canaliculata to ClO_(4)^(−)were weaker than that of E.crassipes.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 六价铬 复合污染 水生生态系统 水葫芦 隆线溞 福寿螺 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X503.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]