劳动力保护抑制了出口产品质量吗?——基于资本深化视角的经验研究  

Does Labor Protection Inhibit the Quality of Exports?Test Based on the Perspective of Capital Deepening

作　　者：随洪光[1] 高钰琳 周瑾 张佳仪 Sui Hongguang;Gao Yulin;Zhou Jin;Zhang Jiayi(School of Economics,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China;School of Econom-ics and Management,Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,250100 [2]山东农业工程学院经济管理学院,250100

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2023年第11期149-167,共19页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“OFDI对中国企业出口产品质量的影响:企业和集群双重视角的分析”(71873077);国家社科基金重大项目“一带一路”国家金融生态多样性对中国海外投资效率的影响研究(17ZDA040);山东省社科基金重点项目“资本账户开放、数字化跃迁与出口表现”(23BJJJ03);泰山学者工程专项经费(tsqn202211384)的资助。

摘　　要：加速资本深化是出口企业应对劳动力保护冲击的常见策略,这一过程有助于引进先进的机器设备、加强产品和技术研发、改进生产工艺,可能会削弱甚至扭转劳动力成本增强对出口产品质量冲击的不利态势。本文使用2004—2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库匹配样本,利用回归反推法测算了“企业-年度-产品-目的国”层面的出口产品质量,借助最低工资标准上调的政策冲击,采用多维固定效应模型考察了劳动力保护的影响以及资本深化机制。基准回归结果显示,劳动力保护增强显著促进了出口产品质量的提高,在利用省内地理最邻近的三个城市最低工资均值作为工具变量克服内生性、剔除离群值和考虑滞后效应后该结果依然稳健。中介效应检验证实,劳动力保护增强促使企业加速资本深化,这一调整有利于产品质量的提高。异质性回归检验发现,劳动力保护的产品质量升级效应在传统制造业、低融资约束企业、外资企业及长三角地区企业样本中更强。本研究为厘清劳动力市场变化对出口竞争力的作用提供了经验证据。The existing literature believes that labor protection will increase the labor cost of enterprises and inhibit the quality improvement of export products.With the help of mini-mum wage,a policy variable exogenous to the export of enterprises,this paper investigates the impact of enhanced labor protection on the quality of export products using large-scale micro data at the level of"firm-year-product-destination country".The benchmark regression results show that the enhanced labor protection does not inhibit the quality of enterprises'export products,but has a significant positive impact,which is still robust after overcoming endogeneity,eliminating outliers and considering the lag effect.The me-diating effect test confirms that the strengthening of labor protection prompts enterprises to accelerate capital deepening,and this production adjustment is conducive to the improvement of product quality.The heterogeneity regression test shows that the product quality upgrading effect of labor protection is stronger in the sample of traditional manufacturing,enterprises with low financing constraints,foreign-funded enterprises and enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region than in the corresponding regions.This study provides empirical evidence to clarify the role of labor market changes on export competitiveness.

关 键 词：最低工资标准 出口产品质量 中介效应 资本深化 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济]